Cambridge Proficiency wordlist chapters 13 – 15
Page 110
Fossil (fossiel) = the shape of a bone, a shell, or a plant or animal that has been preserved in rock for a
very long period
“The fossils were found in the middle part of the road-cut.”
Severe (erg, zeer, zwaar) = really bad
“The storm caused severe damage to the roof. ”
Pristine (oorspronkelijk, zuiver) = easily damaged (context: condition) , almost new
“The TVs are in pristine condition and still wrapped in plastic.”
Finite (eindig) = has an end, not unlimited
“The funds available for the health service are finite and we cannot afford to waste money.”
Famine (hongersnood) = very hungry
“There were reports of refugees dying of famine.”
Density (dichtheid) = the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place
/ the relationship between the mass and size of a substance.
“We were unable to move because of the density of the crowd.”
Expectancy (Levensverwachting)= the length of time that a living thing (context: life)
“Life expectancy in Europe increased greatly in the 20th century.”
Episodic = something that doesn’t last long
“The war between these two countries has been long-drawn-out and episodic.”
Untenable (onhoudbaar) = unrealistic
“A position or an argument can be untenable because it is unrealistic. “That politician’s statement proved
untenable”.
Controversial (controverseel) = provocative, stirs peoples opinions, causing disagreement or discussion
“They hold widely divergent opinions on controversial issues like climate change.”
Ahead of its time (zijn tijd vooruit) = having modern ideas
“He was way ahead of his time in realizing the importance of being able to record sound.”
Alienated (vervreemd) = feel left out, isolate
“Audiences find these sounds difficult and find themselves very alienated.”
Holistic (holistische) = take every individual part into account
“My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease.”
,Page 111
Amelioration (verbeteren) = the process of making a bad or unpleasant situation better
“We've seen some amelioration of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions.”
“Treatment for her allergies led to the amelioration of her symptoms.”
Bloke (kerel, vent) = a man, often one who is considered to be ordinary
“He's a very likeable sort of bloke.”
Frequented (vaak bezocht) = to be in or visit a particular place often
“This bar is frequented by criminals during the weekdays”
Reckon (beschouwen) = to think or believe
“I reckon it's going to rain.”
Boozing (drinken) = drinking alcohol
“The party's at Kate's on Friday night: bring some booze.”
Mates (maatjes) = friends, buddy
“I usually go out with some of my mates from the office on Saturdays.”
Fellow (vakgenoot) = a man, used especially in the past by people in a higher social class
“He seemed like a decent fellow.”
Guy (gast, gozer) = man
“He's a really nice guy.”
Snaps (klik, foto) = to take a lot of photographs quickly, photos
“He was arrested for taking snaps of a military parade.”
Photographs (foto) = a picture produced using a camera
“My parents took lots of photographs of us when we were small.”
Lousy (beroerd, luizig) = very bad
“I had a lousy weekend: nothing worked as planed.”
Prudent (voorzichtig) = careful and avoiding risks, cautious
“It's always prudent to read a contract carefully before signing it.”
Rife (algemeen) = it is very common or happens a lot
“ Malaria and dengue are rife in the refugee camps.”
Widespread (uitgebreid, wijd verspreid) = existing or happening in many places and/or among
many people
“There are reports of widespread flooding in northern France.”
, Destitute (berooid, behoeftig) = without money, food, a home, or possessions / deeply broke, hit rock
bottom
“The floods left thousands of people destitute.”
Broke (arm, blut) = without money, lost their money, out of money
“Many small businesses went broke during the recession.”
Slender (slank) = thin and delicate, positive sense of skinny (often attractive – body part or organism)
“The plant's leaves are long and slender.”
Skinny (mager) = very thin
“You should eat more - you're too skinny.”
Commence (beginnen) = to begin
“Shall we let the meeting commence?”
Kick off (aftrap, beginnen) = start
“What time does the game kick off?”
Lost his cool = not pleased/get angry quickly
“John really lost his cool and kicked in Sue’s door and went ballistic.”
Became displeased (ontevreden worden) = annoyed or unhappy
“I am very unhappy and displeased with what I have read.”
Socked him = punched him
Trickling (druppelen) = it flows slowly and without force in a thin line, sprinkling or dripping
“Rain trickled on the umbrella.”
Deposition (afzetting) = a formal written statement made or used in a law court
“Before the court case, we had to file a deposition.”
Depletion (uitputting) = a reduction in something
“Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our capital.”
Degradation (degradatie) = the process in which the beauty or quality of something
is destroyed or spoiled
“The environmental degradation in the forests were hazardous.”
Rational (rationeel, redelijk) = based on clear thought and reason
“There must be some rational explanation for what happened.”
Outline (overzicht) = the main shape or edge of something, without any details
“She drew the outline of the boat and then colored it in.”
Page 110
Fossil (fossiel) = the shape of a bone, a shell, or a plant or animal that has been preserved in rock for a
very long period
“The fossils were found in the middle part of the road-cut.”
Severe (erg, zeer, zwaar) = really bad
“The storm caused severe damage to the roof. ”
Pristine (oorspronkelijk, zuiver) = easily damaged (context: condition) , almost new
“The TVs are in pristine condition and still wrapped in plastic.”
Finite (eindig) = has an end, not unlimited
“The funds available for the health service are finite and we cannot afford to waste money.”
Famine (hongersnood) = very hungry
“There were reports of refugees dying of famine.”
Density (dichtheid) = the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place
/ the relationship between the mass and size of a substance.
“We were unable to move because of the density of the crowd.”
Expectancy (Levensverwachting)= the length of time that a living thing (context: life)
“Life expectancy in Europe increased greatly in the 20th century.”
Episodic = something that doesn’t last long
“The war between these two countries has been long-drawn-out and episodic.”
Untenable (onhoudbaar) = unrealistic
“A position or an argument can be untenable because it is unrealistic. “That politician’s statement proved
untenable”.
Controversial (controverseel) = provocative, stirs peoples opinions, causing disagreement or discussion
“They hold widely divergent opinions on controversial issues like climate change.”
Ahead of its time (zijn tijd vooruit) = having modern ideas
“He was way ahead of his time in realizing the importance of being able to record sound.”
Alienated (vervreemd) = feel left out, isolate
“Audiences find these sounds difficult and find themselves very alienated.”
Holistic (holistische) = take every individual part into account
“My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease.”
,Page 111
Amelioration (verbeteren) = the process of making a bad or unpleasant situation better
“We've seen some amelioration of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions.”
“Treatment for her allergies led to the amelioration of her symptoms.”
Bloke (kerel, vent) = a man, often one who is considered to be ordinary
“He's a very likeable sort of bloke.”
Frequented (vaak bezocht) = to be in or visit a particular place often
“This bar is frequented by criminals during the weekdays”
Reckon (beschouwen) = to think or believe
“I reckon it's going to rain.”
Boozing (drinken) = drinking alcohol
“The party's at Kate's on Friday night: bring some booze.”
Mates (maatjes) = friends, buddy
“I usually go out with some of my mates from the office on Saturdays.”
Fellow (vakgenoot) = a man, used especially in the past by people in a higher social class
“He seemed like a decent fellow.”
Guy (gast, gozer) = man
“He's a really nice guy.”
Snaps (klik, foto) = to take a lot of photographs quickly, photos
“He was arrested for taking snaps of a military parade.”
Photographs (foto) = a picture produced using a camera
“My parents took lots of photographs of us when we were small.”
Lousy (beroerd, luizig) = very bad
“I had a lousy weekend: nothing worked as planed.”
Prudent (voorzichtig) = careful and avoiding risks, cautious
“It's always prudent to read a contract carefully before signing it.”
Rife (algemeen) = it is very common or happens a lot
“ Malaria and dengue are rife in the refugee camps.”
Widespread (uitgebreid, wijd verspreid) = existing or happening in many places and/or among
many people
“There are reports of widespread flooding in northern France.”
, Destitute (berooid, behoeftig) = without money, food, a home, or possessions / deeply broke, hit rock
bottom
“The floods left thousands of people destitute.”
Broke (arm, blut) = without money, lost their money, out of money
“Many small businesses went broke during the recession.”
Slender (slank) = thin and delicate, positive sense of skinny (often attractive – body part or organism)
“The plant's leaves are long and slender.”
Skinny (mager) = very thin
“You should eat more - you're too skinny.”
Commence (beginnen) = to begin
“Shall we let the meeting commence?”
Kick off (aftrap, beginnen) = start
“What time does the game kick off?”
Lost his cool = not pleased/get angry quickly
“John really lost his cool and kicked in Sue’s door and went ballistic.”
Became displeased (ontevreden worden) = annoyed or unhappy
“I am very unhappy and displeased with what I have read.”
Socked him = punched him
Trickling (druppelen) = it flows slowly and without force in a thin line, sprinkling or dripping
“Rain trickled on the umbrella.”
Deposition (afzetting) = a formal written statement made or used in a law court
“Before the court case, we had to file a deposition.”
Depletion (uitputting) = a reduction in something
“Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our capital.”
Degradation (degradatie) = the process in which the beauty or quality of something
is destroyed or spoiled
“The environmental degradation in the forests were hazardous.”
Rational (rationeel, redelijk) = based on clear thought and reason
“There must be some rational explanation for what happened.”
Outline (overzicht) = the main shape or edge of something, without any details
“She drew the outline of the boat and then colored it in.”
