MODULE 8 MENOPAUSE AND HORMONE
THERAPY QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS.
3 stages of menopause ANSWER : -perimenopause
menopause
postmenopause
perimenopause ANSWER : -stage immediately before menopause where physical changes begin to
occur
menopause ANSWER : -cessation of regular periods
once a woman has gone 12 consecutive months w/out menstruating
avg age for menopause 51 years
late menopause: after age 55yrs
-birth control pills
-be Japanese
-given birth
early menopause: before age 40 yrs
-personal behaviors
post-menopause ANSWER : -life after the final menstrual period
factors influence when menopause occurs ANSWER : -age
family hx
,environmental factors
personal behaviors
genetics
aging population experiencing menopause ANSWER : -About 13 % of the total female population—are
currently between the ages of 45 and 54, the age group at which menopause most often begins.
By 2060, about half the women in the United States will be experiencing, or will have experienced,
menopause.
natural menopause ANSWER : -Ovaries begin to fail to respond to the luteinizing and follicle-
stimulating hormones.
• Ovaries produce lower levels of estrogen and progesterone in response.
• Ovulation becomes erratic.
-fertility declines but pregnancy can still occur due to ovulation
• Menstruation ceases.
-2 week cycles; then months of cessation; then consecutive 12 months
cultural considerations of menopause ANSWER : -Management options may be confusing.
Societal emphasis on youth
Stereotypes and myths
U.S. "disease" model
Information gaps
, positive aspects of menopause ANSWER : -Normal life change-not to be feared
More open discussions
No contraceptive concerns
Often fewer family obligations
Often increased opportunities in workplace
surgically induced menopause ANSWER : -Surgical removal of both ovaries, usually during a
hysterectomy
-chemotherapy; radiation therapy
partial hysterectomy
total hysterectomy
-cancer, fibroids
total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
radical hysterectomy
partial hysterectomy ANSWER : -only the uterus is removed
total hysterectomy ANSWER : -removal of the uterus and the cervix
-ovaries, fallopian tube may/may not be removed
total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy ANSWER : -both ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus, and cervix are removed
THERAPY QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS.
3 stages of menopause ANSWER : -perimenopause
menopause
postmenopause
perimenopause ANSWER : -stage immediately before menopause where physical changes begin to
occur
menopause ANSWER : -cessation of regular periods
once a woman has gone 12 consecutive months w/out menstruating
avg age for menopause 51 years
late menopause: after age 55yrs
-birth control pills
-be Japanese
-given birth
early menopause: before age 40 yrs
-personal behaviors
post-menopause ANSWER : -life after the final menstrual period
factors influence when menopause occurs ANSWER : -age
family hx
,environmental factors
personal behaviors
genetics
aging population experiencing menopause ANSWER : -About 13 % of the total female population—are
currently between the ages of 45 and 54, the age group at which menopause most often begins.
By 2060, about half the women in the United States will be experiencing, or will have experienced,
menopause.
natural menopause ANSWER : -Ovaries begin to fail to respond to the luteinizing and follicle-
stimulating hormones.
• Ovaries produce lower levels of estrogen and progesterone in response.
• Ovulation becomes erratic.
-fertility declines but pregnancy can still occur due to ovulation
• Menstruation ceases.
-2 week cycles; then months of cessation; then consecutive 12 months
cultural considerations of menopause ANSWER : -Management options may be confusing.
Societal emphasis on youth
Stereotypes and myths
U.S. "disease" model
Information gaps
, positive aspects of menopause ANSWER : -Normal life change-not to be feared
More open discussions
No contraceptive concerns
Often fewer family obligations
Often increased opportunities in workplace
surgically induced menopause ANSWER : -Surgical removal of both ovaries, usually during a
hysterectomy
-chemotherapy; radiation therapy
partial hysterectomy
total hysterectomy
-cancer, fibroids
total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
radical hysterectomy
partial hysterectomy ANSWER : -only the uterus is removed
total hysterectomy ANSWER : -removal of the uterus and the cervix
-ovaries, fallopian tube may/may not be removed
total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy ANSWER : -both ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus, and cervix are removed
