WGU C168 - Critical Thinking and
Logic questions well answered
Impediments to sound thinking: - correct answer ✔✔Bad habits of thinking that all of us, to one
degree or another, indulge in:
- Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
Letting a stereotype shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
egocentrism - correct answer ✔✔the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself
sociocentrism - correct answer ✔✔the assumption that one's own social group is inherently
superior to all others
Critical thinking is characteristically: - correct answer ✔✔self-directed
self-disciplined
self-monitored
self-corrective
First-order thinking (ordinary thinking) - correct answer ✔✔Spontaneous and non-reflective
Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
Indiscriminately combined
,Second-order thinking (critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔Is simply first-order thinking that is
consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed)
To be fair-minded... - correct answer ✔✔is to consider all relevant opinions equally without
regard to one's own sentiments or selfish interests.
To be intellectually unfair... - correct answer ✔✔is to always see yourself as right and just. And
unfairness nearly always involves an element of self-deception.
Intellectual Humility - correct answer ✔✔Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own
ignorance on any issue; Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything;
Consciousness of one's biases and prejudices, and limited viewpoints
Intellectual Courage - correct answer ✔✔Challenging popular belief; Confronting ideas,
viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful; Examining fairly beliefs which
one has strong negative feelings and toward which one has previously been dismissive
Intellectual Empathy - correct answer ✔✔Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to
genuinely understand them; ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning; and
to reason from premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own
Intellectual Integrity - correct answer ✔✔Holding oneself to the same rigorous intellectual
standards that one expects others to meet; admitting flaws and inconsistencies in our own
thinking; practicing daily what we preach and identifying weaknesses in our own thinkin
Intellectual Perseverance - correct answer ✔✔Working one's way through intellectual
complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so; not giving up when confronted by
complicated problems that don't lend themselves to easy solutions
, Confidence in Reason - correct answer ✔✔Proceeds from the belief that both the individual's
and society's higher interests are best served by unfettered reason; encourages people to arrive
at their own conclusions through their own powers of rational thinking. Faith that we can learn
to be reasonable despite fundamental barriers to reasonableness in human nature and social
life
Intellectual Autonomy - correct answer ✔✔Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of
rationality. Reasoning through issues on one's own rather than uncritically accept others'
viewpoints; relying on one's own reasoning when deciding what to or what not to believe.
weak-sense critical thinkers - correct answer ✔✔Fail to consider, in good faith, viewpoints that
contradict its own viewpoint. They lacks fair-mindedness.
Sophistry - correct answer ✔✔The art of winning arguments regardless of whether there are
problems in the thinking being used, regardless of whether relevant viewpoints are being
ignored.
Sophistic thinkers - correct answer ✔✔Use lower-level skills of rhetoric, or argumentation, by
which they make unreasonable thinking look reasonable and reasonable thinking look
unreasonable
Strong-sense critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔consistent pursuit of the fair and just. Strive
always to be ethical—to behave in ways that do not exploit or otherwise harm others. They
work to empathize with the viewpoints of others and are willing to listen to arguments they do
not necessarily hold. They change their views when faced with better reasoning. Rather than
using their thinking to manipulate others and to hide from the truth (in a weak-sense way), they
use thinking in an ethical, reasonable manner.
Reasoning; key question to ask - correct answer ✔✔Whenever someone is reasoning, it makes
sense to ask, "Upon what facts or information are you basing your reasoning?"
Logic questions well answered
Impediments to sound thinking: - correct answer ✔✔Bad habits of thinking that all of us, to one
degree or another, indulge in:
- Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
Letting a stereotype shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
egocentrism - correct answer ✔✔the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself
sociocentrism - correct answer ✔✔the assumption that one's own social group is inherently
superior to all others
Critical thinking is characteristically: - correct answer ✔✔self-directed
self-disciplined
self-monitored
self-corrective
First-order thinking (ordinary thinking) - correct answer ✔✔Spontaneous and non-reflective
Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
Indiscriminately combined
,Second-order thinking (critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔Is simply first-order thinking that is
consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed)
To be fair-minded... - correct answer ✔✔is to consider all relevant opinions equally without
regard to one's own sentiments or selfish interests.
To be intellectually unfair... - correct answer ✔✔is to always see yourself as right and just. And
unfairness nearly always involves an element of self-deception.
Intellectual Humility - correct answer ✔✔Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own
ignorance on any issue; Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything;
Consciousness of one's biases and prejudices, and limited viewpoints
Intellectual Courage - correct answer ✔✔Challenging popular belief; Confronting ideas,
viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful; Examining fairly beliefs which
one has strong negative feelings and toward which one has previously been dismissive
Intellectual Empathy - correct answer ✔✔Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to
genuinely understand them; ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning; and
to reason from premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own
Intellectual Integrity - correct answer ✔✔Holding oneself to the same rigorous intellectual
standards that one expects others to meet; admitting flaws and inconsistencies in our own
thinking; practicing daily what we preach and identifying weaknesses in our own thinkin
Intellectual Perseverance - correct answer ✔✔Working one's way through intellectual
complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so; not giving up when confronted by
complicated problems that don't lend themselves to easy solutions
, Confidence in Reason - correct answer ✔✔Proceeds from the belief that both the individual's
and society's higher interests are best served by unfettered reason; encourages people to arrive
at their own conclusions through their own powers of rational thinking. Faith that we can learn
to be reasonable despite fundamental barriers to reasonableness in human nature and social
life
Intellectual Autonomy - correct answer ✔✔Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of
rationality. Reasoning through issues on one's own rather than uncritically accept others'
viewpoints; relying on one's own reasoning when deciding what to or what not to believe.
weak-sense critical thinkers - correct answer ✔✔Fail to consider, in good faith, viewpoints that
contradict its own viewpoint. They lacks fair-mindedness.
Sophistry - correct answer ✔✔The art of winning arguments regardless of whether there are
problems in the thinking being used, regardless of whether relevant viewpoints are being
ignored.
Sophistic thinkers - correct answer ✔✔Use lower-level skills of rhetoric, or argumentation, by
which they make unreasonable thinking look reasonable and reasonable thinking look
unreasonable
Strong-sense critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔consistent pursuit of the fair and just. Strive
always to be ethical—to behave in ways that do not exploit or otherwise harm others. They
work to empathize with the viewpoints of others and are willing to listen to arguments they do
not necessarily hold. They change their views when faced with better reasoning. Rather than
using their thinking to manipulate others and to hide from the truth (in a weak-sense way), they
use thinking in an ethical, reasonable manner.
Reasoning; key question to ask - correct answer ✔✔Whenever someone is reasoning, it makes
sense to ask, "Upon what facts or information are you basing your reasoning?"
