Mammo and Dexa Exam Updated Actual
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Define bone densitometry - CORRECT ANSWER measurement of mineral content and
density of specific skeletal sites or even the whole body
-quantitative measure
When did bone densitometry start - CORRECT ANSWER 1930's
-radiographic absorbitometery: x-rays measure density
-radiogammetry: looked at digits to measure diameters of cortex
-quantitative CT: ct of vertebral bodies
-single/dual photon absorptiometry: nuclear medicine with radioactive source
-dual x-ray absoprtiometry (DXA): two E of x-radiation
World health organization (hip) stats - CORRECT ANSWER normal bone is >833
mg/cm squared
Osteopenia is between 833 and 648 mg/cm squared
Osteoporosis is <648 mg/cm squared
Severed osteoporosis-fragility fracture
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER major health threat, have low bone mass
increased risk
10 million have 80% women, 20% men
1/2 women and 1/8 men over age 50 will have related fx in lifetime
All ethnic groups
Strike at any age
"silent thief" bone loss occurs without symptoms
BMD (bone mineral density) equation - CORRECT ANSWER BMC(bone mineral
content)/Area (amount of area of bone measuring)
,Purpose of the skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER support, RBC manufacture, mineral
storage
Cortical bone - CORRECT ANSWER dense/outer shell o bones and most shafts 80%
of skeletal mass
Ex: total bone, femoral neck, distal forearm, phalanges
Trabecular bone - CORRECT ANSWER delicate, lattice, structural framework of bone
Ex: PA spine, lat spine, wards area hip, distal forearm, calcaneous
Bone stats - CORRECT ANSWER 25% of bone volume is bone tissue
-40% collagen
-60% bone mineral
75% is fat and marrow
Peak bone mass reached by 30-35 yrs
New skeleton every 7 years
Why do we need calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER heartbeat, nerve conduction,
hormone stimulation, clotting
-if we don't have enough will take it out of the bone
Who is most likely to develop risk factors to fractures - CORRECT ANSWER -being
female/aging
-thin/or small frame: under 127 lbs
-family hx of osteoporosis
-post menopause, surgically or chemically induced
-abnormal absent menstrual periods
-anorexia nervosa or bulimia
-lifestyle: poor nutrition and poor general health
, -certain medications: corticosteroids and anticonvulsants)
-low testosterone levels in men
-inactive lifestyle
-cigarette smoking, caffeine
-vitamin D deficiency
-mal absorption conditions (celiac sprue)
-being caucasian or asian
-chronic disease: hyperthyroidism (graves disease), hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma,
chronic rheumatoid arthritis, hep C
-prolonged parenteral nutrition
List the damaging medications to bone - CORRECT ANSWER -glucocorticods
-excessive thyroid hormone
-anticonvulsants
-gonadotropin releasing hormone
-chemo
-cyclospoirne A (immunosuppressive)
-blood thinner (heparin)
-cholestryamine (control bld cholesterol)
What is the terrible triad - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Exercise/eat healthy
2. Quit smoking
3. Quit drinking alcohol/coffee
Explain the human factor of osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER reduced quality of
life
-disfigurement
-lower self esteem
-reduction or loss of motility
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Define bone densitometry - CORRECT ANSWER measurement of mineral content and
density of specific skeletal sites or even the whole body
-quantitative measure
When did bone densitometry start - CORRECT ANSWER 1930's
-radiographic absorbitometery: x-rays measure density
-radiogammetry: looked at digits to measure diameters of cortex
-quantitative CT: ct of vertebral bodies
-single/dual photon absorptiometry: nuclear medicine with radioactive source
-dual x-ray absoprtiometry (DXA): two E of x-radiation
World health organization (hip) stats - CORRECT ANSWER normal bone is >833
mg/cm squared
Osteopenia is between 833 and 648 mg/cm squared
Osteoporosis is <648 mg/cm squared
Severed osteoporosis-fragility fracture
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER major health threat, have low bone mass
increased risk
10 million have 80% women, 20% men
1/2 women and 1/8 men over age 50 will have related fx in lifetime
All ethnic groups
Strike at any age
"silent thief" bone loss occurs without symptoms
BMD (bone mineral density) equation - CORRECT ANSWER BMC(bone mineral
content)/Area (amount of area of bone measuring)
,Purpose of the skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER support, RBC manufacture, mineral
storage
Cortical bone - CORRECT ANSWER dense/outer shell o bones and most shafts 80%
of skeletal mass
Ex: total bone, femoral neck, distal forearm, phalanges
Trabecular bone - CORRECT ANSWER delicate, lattice, structural framework of bone
Ex: PA spine, lat spine, wards area hip, distal forearm, calcaneous
Bone stats - CORRECT ANSWER 25% of bone volume is bone tissue
-40% collagen
-60% bone mineral
75% is fat and marrow
Peak bone mass reached by 30-35 yrs
New skeleton every 7 years
Why do we need calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER heartbeat, nerve conduction,
hormone stimulation, clotting
-if we don't have enough will take it out of the bone
Who is most likely to develop risk factors to fractures - CORRECT ANSWER -being
female/aging
-thin/or small frame: under 127 lbs
-family hx of osteoporosis
-post menopause, surgically or chemically induced
-abnormal absent menstrual periods
-anorexia nervosa or bulimia
-lifestyle: poor nutrition and poor general health
, -certain medications: corticosteroids and anticonvulsants)
-low testosterone levels in men
-inactive lifestyle
-cigarette smoking, caffeine
-vitamin D deficiency
-mal absorption conditions (celiac sprue)
-being caucasian or asian
-chronic disease: hyperthyroidism (graves disease), hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma,
chronic rheumatoid arthritis, hep C
-prolonged parenteral nutrition
List the damaging medications to bone - CORRECT ANSWER -glucocorticods
-excessive thyroid hormone
-anticonvulsants
-gonadotropin releasing hormone
-chemo
-cyclospoirne A (immunosuppressive)
-blood thinner (heparin)
-cholestryamine (control bld cholesterol)
What is the terrible triad - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Exercise/eat healthy
2. Quit smoking
3. Quit drinking alcohol/coffee
Explain the human factor of osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER reduced quality of
life
-disfigurement
-lower self esteem
-reduction or loss of motility
