Pathophysiology Concepts & Disorders
Review — Full-Chapter Study Guide
100 Q&A (Correct Answers Marked with
)
Chapter 1: Cellular Injury & Adaptation
1. What is the term for a reversible change where one adult cell type is replaced by
another?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Anaplasia
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of irreversible cell injury?
A. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Nuclear pyknosis/karyolysis
C. Cellular swelling
D. Fatty change
3. Free radical injury is implicated in the pathogenesis of:
A. Parkinson disease
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
4. Atrophy can result from:
A. Increased workload
B. Decreased functional demand
C. Chronic irritation
D. Persistent growth signals
5. Caseous necrosis is most commonly associated with:
A. Tuberculosis
, B. Pancreatitis
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Stroke
Chapter 2: Inflammation & Repair
6. The first leukocytes to arrive at a site of acute inflammation are:
A. Lymphocytes
B. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Eosinophils
7 Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation in acute inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Prostaglandins
D. Leukotrienes
8. Granulomatous inflammation is characteristic of:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Acute appendicitis
C. Bacterial pneumonia
D. Ulcerative colitis
9. The process where leukocytes move toward a chemical attractant is called:
A. Margination
B. Diapedesis
C. Chemotaxis
D. Opsonization
10. Which cell type is crucial for tissue repair and collagen synthesis?
A. Macrophages
B. Fibroblasts
C. Mast cells
D. Plasma cells
Chapter 3: Genetic & Pediatric Disorders
, 11. Autosomal dominant disorders typically affect:
A. Enzymes
B. Structural proteins
C. Transport proteins
D. Receptors
12. Marfan syndrome results from a defect in:
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Fibrillin-1
C. Dystrophin
D. CFTR protein
13. Trisomy 21 is also known as:
A. Edwards syndrome
B. Patau syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Turner syndrome
14. Which inheritance pattern is shown by hemophilia A?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked recessive
D. Mitochondrial
15. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding:
A. Dystrophin
B. Hexosaminidase A
C. CFTR
D. Fibrillin
Chapter 4: Hematologic Disorders
16. Pernicious anemia is due to a deficiency of:
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folic acid
D. Erythropoietin
, 17. Sickle cell anemia results from a single amino acid substitution in:
A. Alpha-globin chain
B. Beta-globin chain
C. Gamma-globin chain
D. Heme molecule
18. Leukemia characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome is:
A. AML
B. CLL
C. CML
D. ALL
19. Hemophilia A involves a deficiency of:
A. Factor VIII
B. Factor IX
C. von Willebrand factor
D. Factor VII
20. Which disorder presents with “helmet cells” (schistocytes) on smear?
A. Thalassemia
B. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Iron deficiency anemia
Chapter 5: Cardiovascular Disorders
21. Atherosclerosis primarily affects:
A. Large and medium arteries
B. Small arteries and arterioles
C. Venous system
D. Capillaries
22. The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is:
A. Hypertension
B. Mitral valve disease
C. Left-sided heart failure
D. Pulmonary hypertension
Review — Full-Chapter Study Guide
100 Q&A (Correct Answers Marked with
)
Chapter 1: Cellular Injury & Adaptation
1. What is the term for a reversible change where one adult cell type is replaced by
another?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Anaplasia
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of irreversible cell injury?
A. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Nuclear pyknosis/karyolysis
C. Cellular swelling
D. Fatty change
3. Free radical injury is implicated in the pathogenesis of:
A. Parkinson disease
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
4. Atrophy can result from:
A. Increased workload
B. Decreased functional demand
C. Chronic irritation
D. Persistent growth signals
5. Caseous necrosis is most commonly associated with:
A. Tuberculosis
, B. Pancreatitis
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Stroke
Chapter 2: Inflammation & Repair
6. The first leukocytes to arrive at a site of acute inflammation are:
A. Lymphocytes
B. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Eosinophils
7 Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation in acute inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Prostaglandins
D. Leukotrienes
8. Granulomatous inflammation is characteristic of:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Acute appendicitis
C. Bacterial pneumonia
D. Ulcerative colitis
9. The process where leukocytes move toward a chemical attractant is called:
A. Margination
B. Diapedesis
C. Chemotaxis
D. Opsonization
10. Which cell type is crucial for tissue repair and collagen synthesis?
A. Macrophages
B. Fibroblasts
C. Mast cells
D. Plasma cells
Chapter 3: Genetic & Pediatric Disorders
, 11. Autosomal dominant disorders typically affect:
A. Enzymes
B. Structural proteins
C. Transport proteins
D. Receptors
12. Marfan syndrome results from a defect in:
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Fibrillin-1
C. Dystrophin
D. CFTR protein
13. Trisomy 21 is also known as:
A. Edwards syndrome
B. Patau syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Turner syndrome
14. Which inheritance pattern is shown by hemophilia A?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked recessive
D. Mitochondrial
15. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding:
A. Dystrophin
B. Hexosaminidase A
C. CFTR
D. Fibrillin
Chapter 4: Hematologic Disorders
16. Pernicious anemia is due to a deficiency of:
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folic acid
D. Erythropoietin
, 17. Sickle cell anemia results from a single amino acid substitution in:
A. Alpha-globin chain
B. Beta-globin chain
C. Gamma-globin chain
D. Heme molecule
18. Leukemia characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome is:
A. AML
B. CLL
C. CML
D. ALL
19. Hemophilia A involves a deficiency of:
A. Factor VIII
B. Factor IX
C. von Willebrand factor
D. Factor VII
20. Which disorder presents with “helmet cells” (schistocytes) on smear?
A. Thalassemia
B. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Iron deficiency anemia
Chapter 5: Cardiovascular Disorders
21. Atherosclerosis primarily affects:
A. Large and medium arteries
B. Small arteries and arterioles
C. Venous system
D. Capillaries
22. The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is:
A. Hypertension
B. Mitral valve disease
C. Left-sided heart failure
D. Pulmonary hypertension
