List the different types of complex carbohydrates found in food.
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Oligosaccharides- links of 3-10 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides- >10 monsaccharides
• Glycogen found in animals
• Starch and fiber found in plants
starches= bread, cereal, potatoes, pasta, rice, and legumes
fiber= whole grains, raw vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts and seeds
Compare and contrast the causes and symptoms of kwashiorkor and marasmus.
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, oKwashiorkor= pure protein deficiency. Diet is adequate in energy but low
in protein
Edema or fluid buildup and fat accumulation in the liver
oMarasmus=energy and protein deficiency. Starvation
Lack of subcutaneous fat
List three common simple carbohydrates. Where are they found in the diet?
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oGlucose- most important CHO fuel for body
Blood sugar
Rarely found as a single unit in natural foods
oFructose
Found in fruits, vegetables, honey and added sugars
Too much in diet may have detrimental effects
oGalactose- milk sugar
How do different complex carbohydrates affect our glycemic response? What
rankings are used to compare foods?
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Glycemic response- how quickly and how high blood glucose rises after
CHO
• Fiber, protein and fat slow down
Starch speeds up Glycemic response
Glycemic index- ranking of how food affects glycemic response at a set
amount of CHO (50g)
• Compares to reference value of 100 (pure glucose, white bread)
• Differs with ripeness, cooking of foods
• >70 high GI
• <55 low GI
, Glycemic load- takes into account GI and amount of digestible CHO in
typical portion
• Watermelon- high GI, low GL
Digestion of monosaccharides in the liver
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In the liver, monosaccharides are converted into glucose and sent off as
blood sugar, stored as glycogen, or stored as fat
What about VLDL, HDL, and LDL?
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VLDLs transport lipids from the liver, and with the help of lipoprotein
lipase, they deliver TGs to body cells
Once the TGs have been removed, IDLs remain which are transformed in
the blood to LDLS
LDLs deliver cholesterol to tissues by binding to LDL receptors on the cell
surface
HDLs are made by the liver and small intestine. They help remove
cholesterol from cells and transport it to the liver for disposal
List four functions of fat in the body.
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, oAbsorb fat soluble vitamins, source of essential fatty acids, form structural
and regulatory molecules, provide an energy reserve,
oTGs- insulate body, protect internal organs
oCholesterol- building block of steroid hormones
oEssential fatty acids- important for growth, skin integrity, fertility, and
structure and function of cell membranes
Why is protein deficiency most common in infants and children?
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Children do not control their diets because parents are feeding them
not a lot of meats, and plant proteins
Explain why drinking a sugar-sweetened beverage causes a person's blood glucose
to rise faster than it does after eating a bean burrito.
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the beverage is mostly sucrose, whereas the bean burrito contains fiber,
protein, and fat which slows down glycemic response
What foods are the richest sources of protein?
Give this one a try later!
Animal products are generally good sources of protein; however, plant
foods like legumes, nuts and seeds provide protein as well.
Give this one a try later!
Oligosaccharides- links of 3-10 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides- >10 monsaccharides
• Glycogen found in animals
• Starch and fiber found in plants
starches= bread, cereal, potatoes, pasta, rice, and legumes
fiber= whole grains, raw vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts and seeds
Compare and contrast the causes and symptoms of kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Give this one a try later!
, oKwashiorkor= pure protein deficiency. Diet is adequate in energy but low
in protein
Edema or fluid buildup and fat accumulation in the liver
oMarasmus=energy and protein deficiency. Starvation
Lack of subcutaneous fat
List three common simple carbohydrates. Where are they found in the diet?
Give this one a try later!
oGlucose- most important CHO fuel for body
Blood sugar
Rarely found as a single unit in natural foods
oFructose
Found in fruits, vegetables, honey and added sugars
Too much in diet may have detrimental effects
oGalactose- milk sugar
How do different complex carbohydrates affect our glycemic response? What
rankings are used to compare foods?
Give this one a try later!
Glycemic response- how quickly and how high blood glucose rises after
CHO
• Fiber, protein and fat slow down
Starch speeds up Glycemic response
Glycemic index- ranking of how food affects glycemic response at a set
amount of CHO (50g)
• Compares to reference value of 100 (pure glucose, white bread)
• Differs with ripeness, cooking of foods
• >70 high GI
• <55 low GI
, Glycemic load- takes into account GI and amount of digestible CHO in
typical portion
• Watermelon- high GI, low GL
Digestion of monosaccharides in the liver
Give this one a try later!
In the liver, monosaccharides are converted into glucose and sent off as
blood sugar, stored as glycogen, or stored as fat
What about VLDL, HDL, and LDL?
Give this one a try later!
VLDLs transport lipids from the liver, and with the help of lipoprotein
lipase, they deliver TGs to body cells
Once the TGs have been removed, IDLs remain which are transformed in
the blood to LDLS
LDLs deliver cholesterol to tissues by binding to LDL receptors on the cell
surface
HDLs are made by the liver and small intestine. They help remove
cholesterol from cells and transport it to the liver for disposal
List four functions of fat in the body.
Give this one a try later!
, oAbsorb fat soluble vitamins, source of essential fatty acids, form structural
and regulatory molecules, provide an energy reserve,
oTGs- insulate body, protect internal organs
oCholesterol- building block of steroid hormones
oEssential fatty acids- important for growth, skin integrity, fertility, and
structure and function of cell membranes
Why is protein deficiency most common in infants and children?
Give this one a try later!
Children do not control their diets because parents are feeding them
not a lot of meats, and plant proteins
Explain why drinking a sugar-sweetened beverage causes a person's blood glucose
to rise faster than it does after eating a bean burrito.
Give this one a try later!
the beverage is mostly sucrose, whereas the bean burrito contains fiber,
protein, and fat which slows down glycemic response
What foods are the richest sources of protein?
Give this one a try later!
Animal products are generally good sources of protein; however, plant
foods like legumes, nuts and seeds provide protein as well.
