Psych 311 Ncsu Exam 3 Study Guide Questions With Complete Solution

Psych 311 Ncsu Exam 3 Study Guide Questions With Complete Solution Propinquity Effect - Answer- the tendency for people to form relationships with those they encounter frequently due to physical or psychological closeness role of proximity (physical closeness) in the formation of friendships and social groups. what was found - Answer- Residents who lived physically closer to one another were significantly more likely to name each other as friends. Mere Exposure Effect - Answer- a psychological phenomenon where people develop a preference for something simply because of repeated exposure to it Hatfield et al. (1966) attractiveness study - Answer- physical attractiveness was the single most important predictor of whether participants liked their dates and wanted to see them again Physical Attractiveness on initial attraction vs LT relationships - Answer- physical attractiveness is a powerful initial filter for romantic interest, but its importance significantly diminishes in long-term relationships What is Beautiful is Good theory - Answer- the tendency to assume that physically attractive individuals possess other socially desirable personality traits How does the What is Beautiful is Good theory relate in different cultures - Answer- found across cultures, though the specific traits associated with beauty can vary based on cultural values. similarity and attraction - Answer- the tendency for individuals to be more attracted to people who share similar interests, attitudes, and values Reciprocity in Liking - Answer- psychology principle that people tend to like those who like them back secure attachment style - Answer- an attachment style characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and well liked anxious attachment style - Answer- an attachment style that describes adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive avoidant attachment style - Answer- An attachment style characterized by a suppression of attachment needs, because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed; people with this style find it difficult to develop intimate relationships Evolutionary Perspectives on Attraction with men - Answer- men prioritize physical attractiveness and youth Evolutionary Perspectives on Attraction with women - Answer- women prioritize resources and commitment, indicated by traits like intelligence and ambition destructive and passive behavior - Answer- an indirect, unassertive action or non-action that ultimately harms a relationship or situation by avoiding direct communication or responsibility Constructive active behavior - Answer- actively and positively engaging with others to build relationships, solve problems, or provide support Love in western cultures vs eastern - Answer- Marrying for love is most important to participants in Western countries and of least importance to participants in less developed Eastern countries Social Exchange Theory - Answer- uses four key terms— rewards, costs, comparison level, chances for alternatives. to predict relationship satisfaction and the decision to stay or leave. Equity theory - Answer- equitable relationships are the happiest and most stable. passionate love - Answer- involves intense emotions and physical attraction along with sexual. Usually at the start of relationships companionate love - Answer- a deep affection characterized by intimacy, trust, and commitment, often developing in long-term relationships where the intense passion of early romance has evolved into a calm, steady partnership hostile aggression - Answer- emotionally driven with the primary goal of inflicting pain instrumental aggression - Answer- is a planned, goal-oriented behavior where harm is the means to an end, not the goal itself impulsive, and reactive behavior motivated by strong emotions, especially anger or frustration. The aggressor's main objective is to cause harm or pain to the victim. ex: A bar fight that erupts after a heated argument or an insult. A person experiencing road rage who gets out of their car and shoves another driver. - Answer- hostile aggression calculated, and premeditated. Harm is inflicted not for the sake of causing pain, but as a tool to achieve a specific external goal or personal gain like money, status, resources. ex. A contract killer who murders someone for money; the goal is financial gain, not the act of killing itself. - Answer- instrumental aggression frustration - Answer- frustration is caused by any interference or obstacle that prevents an individual from achieving a desired goal. Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis - Answer- frustration that can lead to aggression are the blocking of goal-directed behavior, the importance of that goal, and the perceived intention behind the blockage. Social Learning Theory - Answer- individuals, particularly children, learn aggressive behaviors primarily through observation, modeling, and imitation of others Media and Violence: - Answer- Tv, video games, media exposure at a young age can lead to more aggressive behaviors in the future. Leyens et al. (1975, 1977) on video game exposure - Answer- viewing violent films can increase aggression. also indicated that the effects of media violence are not uniform and can be influenced by contextual factors like how the aggression is presented (e.g., justified vs. unjustified) and the social environment in which the audience is placed. Desensitization to violence - Answer- a reduction in emotional and physiological responses to violence after repeated exposure, which can be caused by watching violent media or witnessing real-life events. This process leads to diminished empathy, a greater acceptance of aggression, and a lower likelihood of intervening in violent situations.