NURS 6630 EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED 2025 LATEST UPDATED ALREADY GRADED A+
Question 1
Which pharmacokinetic process describes how a drug moves from its site of administration to
the bloodstream?
A) Distribution
B) Metabolism
C) Excretion
D) Absorption
E) Elimination
Correct Answer: D) Absorption
Rationale: Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
systemic circulation.
Question 2
A drug's volume of distribution (Vd) is a theoretical measure that describes:
A) The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body.
B) The concentration of the drug in the blood plasma.
C) The amount of drug bound to plasma proteins.
D) The apparent volume into which a drug distributes in the body.
E) The bioavailability of the drug.
Correct Answer: D) The apparent volume into which a drug distributes in the body.
Rationale: Volume of distribution relates the amount of drug in the body to the
concentration of drug in the blood or plasma. A higher Vd indicates wider distribution into
tissues rather than remaining in the bloodstream.
Question 3
Which organ is the primary site for drug metabolism?
A) Kidneys
B) Lungs
C) Intestines
D) Liver
E) Brain
Correct Answer: D) Liver
Rationale: The liver contains a vast array of enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450
(CYP450) system, making it the primary organ for drug metabolism.
Question 4
A drug's half-life (t1/2) refers to:
A) The time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum concentration.
B) The duration of the drug's therapeutic effect.
C) The time it takes for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body.
D) The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%.
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E) The time until the drug starts to exert its effect.
Correct Answer: D) The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by
50%.
Rationale: Half-life is a fundamental pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the
dosing interval needed to maintain therapeutic concentrations and the time to reach
steady-state or achieve complete elimination.
Question 5
First-pass metabolism significantly reduces the bioavailability of drugs administered via which
route?
A) Intravenous (IV)
B) Sublingual
C) Intramuscular (IM)
D) Transdermal
E) Oral
Correct Answer: E) Oral
Rationale: Drugs absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (oral route) first pass through the
liver via the portal circulation, where a significant portion can be metabolized before
reaching systemic circulation, reducing its bioavailability.
Question 6
Which pharmacodynamic principle describes the ability of a drug to produce a maximum
therapeutic effect?
A) Potency
B) Affinity
C) Selectivity
D) Efficacy
E) Specificity
Correct Answer: D) Efficacy
Rationale: Efficacy refers to the maximal response that a drug can produce regardless of the
dose. It measures the effectiveness of the drug.
Question 7
The term "potency" in pharmacology refers to:
A) The maximum effect a drug can achieve.
B) The duration of a drug's action.
C) The drug's ability to bind to its receptor.
D) The amount of drug required to produce a given effect.
E) The safety margin of a drug.
Correct Answer: D) The amount of drug required to produce a given effect.
Rationale: Potency describes the concentration or dose of drug required to produce 50% of
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that drug's maximal effect (EC50 or ED50). A more potent drug requires a lower dose for
the same effect.
Question 8
An "agonist" drug is one that:
A) Blocks the action of an endogenous ligand.
B) Has no effect on receptor activity.
C) Binds to a receptor and produces a cellular response.
D) Competes with an endogenous ligand but has no intrinsic activity.
E) Accelerates drug metabolism.
Correct Answer: C) Binds to a receptor and produces a cellular response.
Rationale: Agonists activate receptors to elicit a biological response, mimicking the action of
endogenous substances.
Question 9
An "antagonist" drug is one that:
A) Binds to a receptor and produces a maximal cellular response.
B) Enhances the effects of another drug.
C) Binds to a receptor but produces no cellular response, thus blocking the action of an
agonist.
D) Is quickly metabolized by the body.
E) Directly inhibits enzyme activity.
Correct Answer: C) Binds to a receptor but produces no cellular response, thus blocking the
action of an agonist.
Rationale: Antagonists bind to receptors but do not activate them. Instead, they block the
binding of agonists, thereby preventing or reversing agonist-mediated responses.
Question 10
Which type of drug interaction occurs when one drug increases the metabolism of another drug,
leading to decreased therapeutic effect of the second drug?
A) Additive effect
B) Synergistic effect
C) Enzyme induction
D) Enzyme inhibition
E) Potentiation
Correct Answer: C) Enzyme induction
Rationale: Enzyme induction is a type of drug interaction where one drug (the inducer)
increases the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP450), leading to faster
metabolism and reduced levels of a co-administered drug (the substrate).
Question 11
A "therapeutic index" (TI) is a measure of:
VERIFIED 2025 LATEST UPDATED ALREADY GRADED A+
Question 1
Which pharmacokinetic process describes how a drug moves from its site of administration to
the bloodstream?
A) Distribution
B) Metabolism
C) Excretion
D) Absorption
E) Elimination
Correct Answer: D) Absorption
Rationale: Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
systemic circulation.
Question 2
A drug's volume of distribution (Vd) is a theoretical measure that describes:
A) The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body.
B) The concentration of the drug in the blood plasma.
C) The amount of drug bound to plasma proteins.
D) The apparent volume into which a drug distributes in the body.
E) The bioavailability of the drug.
Correct Answer: D) The apparent volume into which a drug distributes in the body.
Rationale: Volume of distribution relates the amount of drug in the body to the
concentration of drug in the blood or plasma. A higher Vd indicates wider distribution into
tissues rather than remaining in the bloodstream.
Question 3
Which organ is the primary site for drug metabolism?
A) Kidneys
B) Lungs
C) Intestines
D) Liver
E) Brain
Correct Answer: D) Liver
Rationale: The liver contains a vast array of enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450
(CYP450) system, making it the primary organ for drug metabolism.
Question 4
A drug's half-life (t1/2) refers to:
A) The time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum concentration.
B) The duration of the drug's therapeutic effect.
C) The time it takes for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body.
D) The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%.
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E) The time until the drug starts to exert its effect.
Correct Answer: D) The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by
50%.
Rationale: Half-life is a fundamental pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the
dosing interval needed to maintain therapeutic concentrations and the time to reach
steady-state or achieve complete elimination.
Question 5
First-pass metabolism significantly reduces the bioavailability of drugs administered via which
route?
A) Intravenous (IV)
B) Sublingual
C) Intramuscular (IM)
D) Transdermal
E) Oral
Correct Answer: E) Oral
Rationale: Drugs absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (oral route) first pass through the
liver via the portal circulation, where a significant portion can be metabolized before
reaching systemic circulation, reducing its bioavailability.
Question 6
Which pharmacodynamic principle describes the ability of a drug to produce a maximum
therapeutic effect?
A) Potency
B) Affinity
C) Selectivity
D) Efficacy
E) Specificity
Correct Answer: D) Efficacy
Rationale: Efficacy refers to the maximal response that a drug can produce regardless of the
dose. It measures the effectiveness of the drug.
Question 7
The term "potency" in pharmacology refers to:
A) The maximum effect a drug can achieve.
B) The duration of a drug's action.
C) The drug's ability to bind to its receptor.
D) The amount of drug required to produce a given effect.
E) The safety margin of a drug.
Correct Answer: D) The amount of drug required to produce a given effect.
Rationale: Potency describes the concentration or dose of drug required to produce 50% of
, [Type here]
that drug's maximal effect (EC50 or ED50). A more potent drug requires a lower dose for
the same effect.
Question 8
An "agonist" drug is one that:
A) Blocks the action of an endogenous ligand.
B) Has no effect on receptor activity.
C) Binds to a receptor and produces a cellular response.
D) Competes with an endogenous ligand but has no intrinsic activity.
E) Accelerates drug metabolism.
Correct Answer: C) Binds to a receptor and produces a cellular response.
Rationale: Agonists activate receptors to elicit a biological response, mimicking the action of
endogenous substances.
Question 9
An "antagonist" drug is one that:
A) Binds to a receptor and produces a maximal cellular response.
B) Enhances the effects of another drug.
C) Binds to a receptor but produces no cellular response, thus blocking the action of an
agonist.
D) Is quickly metabolized by the body.
E) Directly inhibits enzyme activity.
Correct Answer: C) Binds to a receptor but produces no cellular response, thus blocking the
action of an agonist.
Rationale: Antagonists bind to receptors but do not activate them. Instead, they block the
binding of agonists, thereby preventing or reversing agonist-mediated responses.
Question 10
Which type of drug interaction occurs when one drug increases the metabolism of another drug,
leading to decreased therapeutic effect of the second drug?
A) Additive effect
B) Synergistic effect
C) Enzyme induction
D) Enzyme inhibition
E) Potentiation
Correct Answer: C) Enzyme induction
Rationale: Enzyme induction is a type of drug interaction where one drug (the inducer)
increases the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP450), leading to faster
metabolism and reduced levels of a co-administered drug (the substrate).
Question 11
A "therapeutic index" (TI) is a measure of:
