Biology 107 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
How is Chemiosmosis powered? Couples energy released by the H+ facilitated diffusion
What PH is the lumen? (Thylakoid space) Approximately 5
Describe the functions of the Fo and Fi pieces Fo stalk- H+ channel that allows H+
through acting like a turnstile
Fi- H+ flow causes the headpiece to spin, uses the energy to connect inorganic PO4 to ADP
Where is ATP made in Chemiosmosis? Made in the stroma
Difference bwtn NADH and NADPH NADPH- e- carrier that shuttles e-'s btwn redox rxns
(used in photosynthesis), NADP+ is reduced into NADPH
NADH- e- carrier in cellular respiration, carries the H
Two words to describe the Calvin Cycle Endergonic and anabolic
What happens to the e- in the ETC? It is oxidized
What is the point of the Calvin cycle? To convert inorganic C into glucose
,Which gains energy, oxidation or reduction? Reduction, because the acceptance of an e-
is the acceptance of energy
Three phases of the Calvin Cycle? 1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration
What is Rubisco and its function? Enzyme of fixation, used in step one of the Calvin
Cycle, most important and abundant protein on earth
Describe Carbon fixation Starts with RUBP (5C), adds CO2 using Rubisco to create a 6C
intermediate
Describe Reduction An e- from NADPH is used to reduce C, ATP is used to phosphorylate
the intermediates (adding energy), after 3 turns of the cycle G3P is created
Descrive Regeneration RUBP is regenerated that requires ATP
Net requirements to create G3P in the Calvin cycle 1 G3P= 3 CO2, 6NADPH, 9ATP
Cyclic e- flow Make more ATP without making NADPH using PI and ETC
, Where is the decision point is cyclic e- flow? When the e- gets excited it can either go
forward to NADP+ reductase or go back to the ETC to make more ATP , that decision is based
off of the [ ] ADP and ATP
3 steps of Cellular Metabolism 1. Glycolysis
2. Kerb's cycle
3. Oxphos (ETC)
What is the point of cellular resp? Catabolic rxn that converts energy stored in glucose to
ATP
4 types of organisms 1. Obligate anaerobes (O2 is toxic to them)
2. Aerotolerant anaerobes (O2 is not useful)
3. Facultative anaerobes (use O2 when they can)
4. Obligate aerobes (require O2 to survive)
Point of Gylcolysis? Convert glucose to pyruvate (3C)
Describe steps in Glycolysis 1. Anaerobic, occurs in cytoplasm
2. Produces 2 ATP
3. 2 phases are energy investment and energy payoff
How is Chemiosmosis powered? Couples energy released by the H+ facilitated diffusion
What PH is the lumen? (Thylakoid space) Approximately 5
Describe the functions of the Fo and Fi pieces Fo stalk- H+ channel that allows H+
through acting like a turnstile
Fi- H+ flow causes the headpiece to spin, uses the energy to connect inorganic PO4 to ADP
Where is ATP made in Chemiosmosis? Made in the stroma
Difference bwtn NADH and NADPH NADPH- e- carrier that shuttles e-'s btwn redox rxns
(used in photosynthesis), NADP+ is reduced into NADPH
NADH- e- carrier in cellular respiration, carries the H
Two words to describe the Calvin Cycle Endergonic and anabolic
What happens to the e- in the ETC? It is oxidized
What is the point of the Calvin cycle? To convert inorganic C into glucose
,Which gains energy, oxidation or reduction? Reduction, because the acceptance of an e-
is the acceptance of energy
Three phases of the Calvin Cycle? 1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration
What is Rubisco and its function? Enzyme of fixation, used in step one of the Calvin
Cycle, most important and abundant protein on earth
Describe Carbon fixation Starts with RUBP (5C), adds CO2 using Rubisco to create a 6C
intermediate
Describe Reduction An e- from NADPH is used to reduce C, ATP is used to phosphorylate
the intermediates (adding energy), after 3 turns of the cycle G3P is created
Descrive Regeneration RUBP is regenerated that requires ATP
Net requirements to create G3P in the Calvin cycle 1 G3P= 3 CO2, 6NADPH, 9ATP
Cyclic e- flow Make more ATP without making NADPH using PI and ETC
, Where is the decision point is cyclic e- flow? When the e- gets excited it can either go
forward to NADP+ reductase or go back to the ETC to make more ATP , that decision is based
off of the [ ] ADP and ATP
3 steps of Cellular Metabolism 1. Glycolysis
2. Kerb's cycle
3. Oxphos (ETC)
What is the point of cellular resp? Catabolic rxn that converts energy stored in glucose to
ATP
4 types of organisms 1. Obligate anaerobes (O2 is toxic to them)
2. Aerotolerant anaerobes (O2 is not useful)
3. Facultative anaerobes (use O2 when they can)
4. Obligate aerobes (require O2 to survive)
Point of Gylcolysis? Convert glucose to pyruvate (3C)
Describe steps in Glycolysis 1. Anaerobic, occurs in cytoplasm
2. Produces 2 ATP
3. 2 phases are energy investment and energy payoff
