BIO 169 CH 16-19 Review Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
What is the primary function of hormones - Answers Act as chemical messengers that regulate
the metabolic function of cells in the body
Which of the following is not a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to
manufacture and release hormones?
Hormonal
Enzymatic
Neural
Humoral - Answers Enzymatic
Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary?
ADH
Prolactin
Oxytocin
None of the above - Answers None of the above
What is directly required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones? - Answers
Hormonal stimuli
What hormone aids in water resorption? - Answers ADH
What hormone has significantly different effects when released in males instead of females? -
Answers Follicle-stimulating hormone
Zona glomerulosa produces - Answers mineralocorticoids
What pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels? - Answers Glucagon
Adult onset diabetes, diabetes type 2, can best be described by? - Answers Constantly high
blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down regulation of
insulin receptors
What hormone is essential to maintain fluid levels? - Answers Aldosterone
Amplification of the signal from a water soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in -
, Answers cAMP in cytoplasm
Water soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to - Answers Plasma membrane
receptors
How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells? - Answers Hormones are transported
through the blood stream to target cells.
What is the role of activated protein kinases? - Answers phosphorylate proteins
Cyclic AMP is degraded by - Answers phosphodiesterase
Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Insulin - Answers Cortisol
What is the mechanism of action of lipid soluble hormones? - Answers activation of genes,
which increases protein synthesis in the cell
After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone
complex do? - Answers acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene
What hormones receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? - Answers
thyroid hormone
What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
- Answers chaperone proteins
Hypocalcemia could be cause by the
Apoptosis of parathyroid cells
failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH
Malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells
All of the responses are correct - Answers All of the responses are correct
Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored? - Answers The axon
terminals of neurons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tracts store and secrete ADH and
oxytocin in the capillaries of the inferior hypophyseal artery.
The various hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulate the secretion of hormones
from other endocrine organs are called __________. - Answers Tropins
What is the primary function of hormones - Answers Act as chemical messengers that regulate
the metabolic function of cells in the body
Which of the following is not a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to
manufacture and release hormones?
Hormonal
Enzymatic
Neural
Humoral - Answers Enzymatic
Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary?
ADH
Prolactin
Oxytocin
None of the above - Answers None of the above
What is directly required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones? - Answers
Hormonal stimuli
What hormone aids in water resorption? - Answers ADH
What hormone has significantly different effects when released in males instead of females? -
Answers Follicle-stimulating hormone
Zona glomerulosa produces - Answers mineralocorticoids
What pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels? - Answers Glucagon
Adult onset diabetes, diabetes type 2, can best be described by? - Answers Constantly high
blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down regulation of
insulin receptors
What hormone is essential to maintain fluid levels? - Answers Aldosterone
Amplification of the signal from a water soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in -
, Answers cAMP in cytoplasm
Water soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to - Answers Plasma membrane
receptors
How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells? - Answers Hormones are transported
through the blood stream to target cells.
What is the role of activated protein kinases? - Answers phosphorylate proteins
Cyclic AMP is degraded by - Answers phosphodiesterase
Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Insulin - Answers Cortisol
What is the mechanism of action of lipid soluble hormones? - Answers activation of genes,
which increases protein synthesis in the cell
After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone
complex do? - Answers acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene
What hormones receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? - Answers
thyroid hormone
What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
- Answers chaperone proteins
Hypocalcemia could be cause by the
Apoptosis of parathyroid cells
failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH
Malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells
All of the responses are correct - Answers All of the responses are correct
Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored? - Answers The axon
terminals of neurons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tracts store and secrete ADH and
oxytocin in the capillaries of the inferior hypophyseal artery.
The various hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulate the secretion of hormones
from other endocrine organs are called __________. - Answers Tropins
