ANCC Med/Surg Exam (fluid & electrolyte balance) Questions and Answers

ANCC Med/Surg Exam (fluid & electrolyte balance) Questions and Answers

homeostasis Ans-- balance within body that maintains optimal health

- includes body temp, electrolyte balance, ph, fluid, blood volume, nutrition, and elimination



carbon dioxide Ans-- 25 to 30

- maintains acid/base balance

-



carbon dioxide elevation causes Ans-- respiratory acidosis

- compensated metabolic acidosis

- emphysema

- severe vomiting



carbon dioxide decrease causes Ans-- respiratory alkalosis

- DKA

- starvation

- lactic acidosis

- renal failure

- dehydration



calcium Ans-- 9 to 10.5

- maintains muscle contractability

- co-factor in blood clotting

- adds strength to bone and teeth



high calcium causes Ans-- hypothyroidism

, - hyperparathyroidism

- metastatic bone tumor

- addison disease

- prolonged immobilization



low calcium causes Ans-- hypoparathyroidism

- renal failure

- hyperphosphatemia

- hypoalbuminemia

- malabsorption

- pancreatitis

- alkalosis



chloride Ans-- 99 to 107

- maintains electrical neutrality

- major role in fluid balance and renal function



high chloride causes Ans-- diarrhea

- hyperalimentation



low chloride causes Ans-- DKA

- vomiting



magnesium Ans-- 1.3 to 2.1

- facilitates metabolic activities and electrical conductivity

- essential for cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle contraction