Summary Task Attachments (Please note for an A/A* you will need that 5 th evaluation point)
Spec content Description Evaluation
Stages of Schaffer was interested in the formation of early P evidence to support stages of attachment comes from Schaffer & P a problem
attachment as attachments, the age they developed & their Emerson’s work E the stages
identified by emotional intensity towards whom they were be biased
Schaffer directed E they found from interviewing the mothers of 60 infants in Glasgow
about their children, within one month of forming a primary E example: so
Stage 1: Pre-attachment (0-3 months): asocial. At attachment, 29% of infants formed multiple attachments with someone and healthie
6 weeks, begin to treat humans differently to else other family
objects. Reciprocity & interactional synchrony than they rea
play a role E they also found that by one year old, one third of infants had formed
5 or more secondary attachments L this is an iss
Stage 2: Indiscriminate attachment (3-7 months):
distinguish between familiar/ unfamiliar people, L this supports the idea that specific attachments are followed by
still relatively comforted by anyone, no stranger multiple attachments as identified by Schaffer
anxiety, general sociability
P the stages found by Schaffer may lack temporal validity P there may
Stage 3: specific attachment (7-9 months):
separation anxiety, special joy at reunion, E this means that the findings were collected in the 1960s and society E just becaus
stranger anxiety, primary attachment figure and parental care has changed considerably in that time, with more the room (se
mothers going out to work and fathers staying home to look after the ‘true’ attachm
Stage 4: multiple attachments (9 months +): child
multiple attachments, secondary attachments E example: B
L this is an issue as the stages and attachments formed by mothers are attachment fi
fathers may not be representative of how attachments develop in the room – this d
modern day
L this is an iss
distinguish b
shown towar
The role of multiple Multiple attachments: an infant developing an P evidence to support multiple attachments comes from Schaffer & P a problem
attachments and attachment to 2 or more people Emerson’s work that it is base
the role of the E the stages
father in Most research into multiple attachments focus E they found from interviewing the mothers of 60 infants in Glasgow be biased
attachment on the role of the father about their children, within one month of forming a primary
attachment, 29% of infants formed multiple attachments with someone E example: so
Schaffer and Emerson found that fathers were else and healthie
less likely to be primary attachment figures than other family
mothers as they spend less time with their E they also found that by one year old, one third of infants had formed than they rea
, Summary Task Attachments (Please note for an A/A* you will need that 5 th evaluation point)
conventional (Geiger) E room – this d
L this is an issue as the stages and attachments formed by mothers are L this is an iss
fathers may not be representative of how attachments develop in the distinguish b
modern day shown towar
Animal studies of Lorenz Harlow P Evidence to support Lorenz’s findings come from Guiton P Another iss
attachment: Harlow Aim: investigate mother- Aim: demonstrate that are difficult t
and Lorenz infant attachment in attachment was not E Leghorn chicks were exposed to a yellow rubber glove that fed them
Greylag Geese based on the feeding during the first few weeks after hatching and it was found that the E This means
bond between mother glove imprinted on the chicks
Procedure: Lorenz used a and infant as predicted by E For exampl
laboratory experiment the learning theory E conscious de
and randomly divided a
clutch of gosling eggs into Procedure: used a L This supports the view that animals aren’t born with a predisposition L This is a pro
2 groups. Half were left laboratory experiment to to imprint on a specific type of object but on any moving thing that is humans form
with the mother goose in rear 8 baby monkeys with present during the critical window of development
their natural environment two wire model mothers.
and half were placed in an He split the monkeys into P an issue with Harlow’s research is that it raised ethical issues P a strength
incubator and when they two groups variables
first hatched, the first E the study created long lasting emotional damage as the monkeys
moving object they saw There were 2 found it difficult to form relationships with peers and were deemed E this means
was Lorenz conditions: in one socially abnormal a laboratory
milk was dispensed
Lorenz marked the two by the plain wire E this could be seen as a lack of protection of harm as the monkeys E for exampl
groups to distinguish mother, in the other were put under psychological stress could be con
between them and placed no milk was
them together dispensed by a cloth L this is an issue as it goes against the ethical code of conduct L this is positi
covered monkey.
IV – who the geese were Monkeys were
exposed to during studied for 165 days
hatching, DV – who they and observed to
imprinted on measure the amount
of time that they
Findings: experimental spent with each
group who first saw surrogate mother
Lorenz followed him and the amount time
closely as if he was their that they cried for
Spec content Description Evaluation
Stages of Schaffer was interested in the formation of early P evidence to support stages of attachment comes from Schaffer & P a problem
attachment as attachments, the age they developed & their Emerson’s work E the stages
identified by emotional intensity towards whom they were be biased
Schaffer directed E they found from interviewing the mothers of 60 infants in Glasgow
about their children, within one month of forming a primary E example: so
Stage 1: Pre-attachment (0-3 months): asocial. At attachment, 29% of infants formed multiple attachments with someone and healthie
6 weeks, begin to treat humans differently to else other family
objects. Reciprocity & interactional synchrony than they rea
play a role E they also found that by one year old, one third of infants had formed
5 or more secondary attachments L this is an iss
Stage 2: Indiscriminate attachment (3-7 months):
distinguish between familiar/ unfamiliar people, L this supports the idea that specific attachments are followed by
still relatively comforted by anyone, no stranger multiple attachments as identified by Schaffer
anxiety, general sociability
P the stages found by Schaffer may lack temporal validity P there may
Stage 3: specific attachment (7-9 months):
separation anxiety, special joy at reunion, E this means that the findings were collected in the 1960s and society E just becaus
stranger anxiety, primary attachment figure and parental care has changed considerably in that time, with more the room (se
mothers going out to work and fathers staying home to look after the ‘true’ attachm
Stage 4: multiple attachments (9 months +): child
multiple attachments, secondary attachments E example: B
L this is an issue as the stages and attachments formed by mothers are attachment fi
fathers may not be representative of how attachments develop in the room – this d
modern day
L this is an iss
distinguish b
shown towar
The role of multiple Multiple attachments: an infant developing an P evidence to support multiple attachments comes from Schaffer & P a problem
attachments and attachment to 2 or more people Emerson’s work that it is base
the role of the E the stages
father in Most research into multiple attachments focus E they found from interviewing the mothers of 60 infants in Glasgow be biased
attachment on the role of the father about their children, within one month of forming a primary
attachment, 29% of infants formed multiple attachments with someone E example: so
Schaffer and Emerson found that fathers were else and healthie
less likely to be primary attachment figures than other family
mothers as they spend less time with their E they also found that by one year old, one third of infants had formed than they rea
, Summary Task Attachments (Please note for an A/A* you will need that 5 th evaluation point)
conventional (Geiger) E room – this d
L this is an issue as the stages and attachments formed by mothers are L this is an iss
fathers may not be representative of how attachments develop in the distinguish b
modern day shown towar
Animal studies of Lorenz Harlow P Evidence to support Lorenz’s findings come from Guiton P Another iss
attachment: Harlow Aim: investigate mother- Aim: demonstrate that are difficult t
and Lorenz infant attachment in attachment was not E Leghorn chicks were exposed to a yellow rubber glove that fed them
Greylag Geese based on the feeding during the first few weeks after hatching and it was found that the E This means
bond between mother glove imprinted on the chicks
Procedure: Lorenz used a and infant as predicted by E For exampl
laboratory experiment the learning theory E conscious de
and randomly divided a
clutch of gosling eggs into Procedure: used a L This supports the view that animals aren’t born with a predisposition L This is a pro
2 groups. Half were left laboratory experiment to to imprint on a specific type of object but on any moving thing that is humans form
with the mother goose in rear 8 baby monkeys with present during the critical window of development
their natural environment two wire model mothers.
and half were placed in an He split the monkeys into P an issue with Harlow’s research is that it raised ethical issues P a strength
incubator and when they two groups variables
first hatched, the first E the study created long lasting emotional damage as the monkeys
moving object they saw There were 2 found it difficult to form relationships with peers and were deemed E this means
was Lorenz conditions: in one socially abnormal a laboratory
milk was dispensed
Lorenz marked the two by the plain wire E this could be seen as a lack of protection of harm as the monkeys E for exampl
groups to distinguish mother, in the other were put under psychological stress could be con
between them and placed no milk was
them together dispensed by a cloth L this is an issue as it goes against the ethical code of conduct L this is positi
covered monkey.
IV – who the geese were Monkeys were
exposed to during studied for 165 days
hatching, DV – who they and observed to
imprinted on measure the amount
of time that they
Findings: experimental spent with each
group who first saw surrogate mother
Lorenz followed him and the amount time
closely as if he was their that they cried for
