NURS 3309 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTHSCSA EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity Ans✓✓✓- Natural
barriers are the first line of defense and attempt to keep all organisms
from entering the body and cells, mucous membranes, skin, cilia. When
these barriers are breached, the inflammatory (second line of defense)
response activates to prevent further infection or damage.
- Adaptive/Acquired immunity (third line of defense) occurs when there
is an invasive microorganism that the immune system's cells have now
targeted for extermination. This immunity includes memory cells for
rapid response in future situations where the same pathogen as before
infects the body.
Define and describe humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Ans✓✓✓Humoral immunity - Antibodies in the blood which protect our
body from outside microbes BEFORE they infiltrate the cell
Cell-mediated immunity - When effector T cells from the blood defend
against microbes/cancer INSIDE the cell
Describe the differences between active and passive immunity
Ans✓✓✓Active immunity - develops as a response to an invading
antigen (pathogen exposure and clonal selection), takes time to respond
Passive immunity - premade antibodies or lymphocytes given to an
individual (breastmilk antibodies to baby, vaccination), no delay in
response
, Define antigen and differentiate between the various types of antigens
Ans✓✓✓An antigen is the target of lymphocytes and antibodies, and
they are found on the surface of microbes or infected cells. Binds with
antibodies OR receptors on B/T lymphocytes.
Define antibody, describing the molecular structure and function of an
antibody Ans✓✓✓
Identify the classes of immunoglobulins Ans✓✓✓IgG - most abundant
class at 80-85%, most protective against infections. In pregnancy IgG
travels across the placenta and protects the newborn during the first 6
months of life.
IgA - found in blood and body secretions. When moving through
mucosal epithelial cells, IgA protects our cells from enzymes in our
secretions that would be otherwise degrading
IgM - largest immunoglobulin (pentameter - big molecule made of 5
smaller and identical molecules) first antibody produced during our
immune response to antigens
IgE - mediates allergic responses and parasitic infections - hav fever, bee
stings, dust allergy
IgD - low concentrations, antigen receptor on the surface of B cells
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity Ans✓✓✓- Natural
barriers are the first line of defense and attempt to keep all organisms
from entering the body and cells, mucous membranes, skin, cilia. When
these barriers are breached, the inflammatory (second line of defense)
response activates to prevent further infection or damage.
- Adaptive/Acquired immunity (third line of defense) occurs when there
is an invasive microorganism that the immune system's cells have now
targeted for extermination. This immunity includes memory cells for
rapid response in future situations where the same pathogen as before
infects the body.
Define and describe humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Ans✓✓✓Humoral immunity - Antibodies in the blood which protect our
body from outside microbes BEFORE they infiltrate the cell
Cell-mediated immunity - When effector T cells from the blood defend
against microbes/cancer INSIDE the cell
Describe the differences between active and passive immunity
Ans✓✓✓Active immunity - develops as a response to an invading
antigen (pathogen exposure and clonal selection), takes time to respond
Passive immunity - premade antibodies or lymphocytes given to an
individual (breastmilk antibodies to baby, vaccination), no delay in
response
, Define antigen and differentiate between the various types of antigens
Ans✓✓✓An antigen is the target of lymphocytes and antibodies, and
they are found on the surface of microbes or infected cells. Binds with
antibodies OR receptors on B/T lymphocytes.
Define antibody, describing the molecular structure and function of an
antibody Ans✓✓✓
Identify the classes of immunoglobulins Ans✓✓✓IgG - most abundant
class at 80-85%, most protective against infections. In pregnancy IgG
travels across the placenta and protects the newborn during the first 6
months of life.
IgA - found in blood and body secretions. When moving through
mucosal epithelial cells, IgA protects our cells from enzymes in our
secretions that would be otherwise degrading
IgM - largest immunoglobulin (pentameter - big molecule made of 5
smaller and identical molecules) first antibody produced during our
immune response to antigens
IgE - mediates allergic responses and parasitic infections - hav fever, bee
stings, dust allergy
IgD - low concentrations, antigen receptor on the surface of B cells
