PATHO, UTA TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
natural immunity Ans✓✓✓resistance that exists prior to exposure of a
microbe; born with
natural immunity Ans✓✓✓nonspecific barriers such as skin, mucous
membranes, certain cells, certain proteins, and involves inflammation
and phagocytosis
phagocytic cells Ans✓✓✓cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign
bodies or toxins; neutrophils, macrophages, and dendrititic cells
Neutrophils Ans✓✓✓present during acute inflammation; responsible for
engulfing microbes and kills them by using cytoplasmic
myeloperoxidase which is toxic to pathogens
macrophages Ans✓✓✓derived from monocytes
dendritic cells Ans✓✓✓engulf antigens in the epithelia of the skin, GI
and respiratory tracts
antigen presenting cells Ans✓✓✓dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
,natural killer cells Ans✓✓✓A type of white blood cell that can kill
tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate
immunity.
complement Ans✓✓✓compromised of a collection of proteins formed
by a cascade of events; form the membrane attack complex and lyse a
pathogens cell membrane
Acquired Immunity Ans✓✓✓obtained after exposure to an antigen;
improves with repeated exposure and is specific; basis for vaccinations
Passive immunity Ans✓✓✓acquired via the transfer of antibodies, or T-
cells to the recipient
natural passive immunity Ans✓✓✓mother to fetus
artificial passive immunity Ans✓✓✓antibodies are given to a recipient
to provide immunity; used to treat rabies, tetanus, hepatitis, and snake
bites; provides immediate immunity but only lasts a couple of weeks
humoral immunity Ans✓✓✓conferred by the B-cells; provides
immunity against some viral infections, toxin induced diseases and
diseases caused by pneumococci, meningococci, haemophilus
,cell mediated immunity Ans✓✓✓conferred by T-cells; active against
cells infected with intracellular bacteria or viruses; defends against
cancer, fungal infections, parasitic infections, tumors, and is responsible
for organ transplantation rejection
bone marrow Ans✓✓✓responsible for the production of immune cells
and the maturation of B cells
thymus Ans✓✓✓provides a site for T cell differentiation, maturation,
and selection
spleen Ans✓✓✓contains blood filled sinuses which filter antigens and
cells from the blood; red pulp: location of red blood cell storage and
turnover; white pulp: immune cell interaction occurs; persons without
this organ are at increased risk for infection especially ones caused by
streptococcal bacteria
CD4 cells (T-helper, T4 cells) Ans✓✓✓function to activate
macrophages, B-cells, cytotoxic T-cells and other CD4 cells; release
lymphokines that begin the inflammatory process and mediate delayed
hypersensitivity reactions; ex TB skin test
CG8 cells Ans✓✓✓cytotoxic cells; function to kill virus infected cells,
tumor cells and allograft cells(transplant tissue) directly through the
release of cytotoxic chemicals which destroy the cell membrane or
induce apotosis
, IgG Ans✓✓✓binds with viruses, bacteria and toxins; activates
complement and binds to macrophages; primary antibody in the
secondary immune response; only one that crosses the placenta
IgE Ans✓✓✓binds to mast cells, eosinophils and basophils; involved in
parasitic infections and hypersensitivities
IgM Ans✓✓✓main immune globulin produced early in the primary
immune response; a high level will indicate a recent infection
IgA Ans✓✓✓main immune globulin in secretions and mucous
membranes; prevents the attachments of microorganisms to the mucous
membranes
T regulatory cells Ans✓✓✓slow or stop the immune response once the
invader is defeated
activation of T Cells Ans✓✓✓antigen enters host cell-> macrophage
engulfs antigen-> antigen is expressed on MHC class II-> secretes IL 1
to attract CD4 cells-> presents it to CD4 cells-> CD4 differentiates into
Th1 and Th2-> Th1 releases IL2-> activated cytotoxic T-cells-> Tc
receptor connects w/ MHC class 1 receptor on invader-> cytotoxic
chemicals released -> invader killed. Th2 releases IL4-> activates
humoral immune system
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
natural immunity Ans✓✓✓resistance that exists prior to exposure of a
microbe; born with
natural immunity Ans✓✓✓nonspecific barriers such as skin, mucous
membranes, certain cells, certain proteins, and involves inflammation
and phagocytosis
phagocytic cells Ans✓✓✓cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign
bodies or toxins; neutrophils, macrophages, and dendrititic cells
Neutrophils Ans✓✓✓present during acute inflammation; responsible for
engulfing microbes and kills them by using cytoplasmic
myeloperoxidase which is toxic to pathogens
macrophages Ans✓✓✓derived from monocytes
dendritic cells Ans✓✓✓engulf antigens in the epithelia of the skin, GI
and respiratory tracts
antigen presenting cells Ans✓✓✓dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
,natural killer cells Ans✓✓✓A type of white blood cell that can kill
tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate
immunity.
complement Ans✓✓✓compromised of a collection of proteins formed
by a cascade of events; form the membrane attack complex and lyse a
pathogens cell membrane
Acquired Immunity Ans✓✓✓obtained after exposure to an antigen;
improves with repeated exposure and is specific; basis for vaccinations
Passive immunity Ans✓✓✓acquired via the transfer of antibodies, or T-
cells to the recipient
natural passive immunity Ans✓✓✓mother to fetus
artificial passive immunity Ans✓✓✓antibodies are given to a recipient
to provide immunity; used to treat rabies, tetanus, hepatitis, and snake
bites; provides immediate immunity but only lasts a couple of weeks
humoral immunity Ans✓✓✓conferred by the B-cells; provides
immunity against some viral infections, toxin induced diseases and
diseases caused by pneumococci, meningococci, haemophilus
,cell mediated immunity Ans✓✓✓conferred by T-cells; active against
cells infected with intracellular bacteria or viruses; defends against
cancer, fungal infections, parasitic infections, tumors, and is responsible
for organ transplantation rejection
bone marrow Ans✓✓✓responsible for the production of immune cells
and the maturation of B cells
thymus Ans✓✓✓provides a site for T cell differentiation, maturation,
and selection
spleen Ans✓✓✓contains blood filled sinuses which filter antigens and
cells from the blood; red pulp: location of red blood cell storage and
turnover; white pulp: immune cell interaction occurs; persons without
this organ are at increased risk for infection especially ones caused by
streptococcal bacteria
CD4 cells (T-helper, T4 cells) Ans✓✓✓function to activate
macrophages, B-cells, cytotoxic T-cells and other CD4 cells; release
lymphokines that begin the inflammatory process and mediate delayed
hypersensitivity reactions; ex TB skin test
CG8 cells Ans✓✓✓cytotoxic cells; function to kill virus infected cells,
tumor cells and allograft cells(transplant tissue) directly through the
release of cytotoxic chemicals which destroy the cell membrane or
induce apotosis
, IgG Ans✓✓✓binds with viruses, bacteria and toxins; activates
complement and binds to macrophages; primary antibody in the
secondary immune response; only one that crosses the placenta
IgE Ans✓✓✓binds to mast cells, eosinophils and basophils; involved in
parasitic infections and hypersensitivities
IgM Ans✓✓✓main immune globulin produced early in the primary
immune response; a high level will indicate a recent infection
IgA Ans✓✓✓main immune globulin in secretions and mucous
membranes; prevents the attachments of microorganisms to the mucous
membranes
T regulatory cells Ans✓✓✓slow or stop the immune response once the
invader is defeated
activation of T Cells Ans✓✓✓antigen enters host cell-> macrophage
engulfs antigen-> antigen is expressed on MHC class II-> secretes IL 1
to attract CD4 cells-> presents it to CD4 cells-> CD4 differentiates into
Th1 and Th2-> Th1 releases IL2-> activated cytotoxic T-cells-> Tc
receptor connects w/ MHC class 1 receptor on invader-> cytotoxic
chemicals released -> invader killed. Th2 releases IL4-> activates
humoral immune system
