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Suppose you must rely exclusively on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to determine whether a
category of people receives an expensive, potentially life-saving, intervention. Which of the following
considerations must you keep in mind when making your decision? ✔Correct Answer--CEA ignores
the possibility that certain unidentified individuals in a group may have a greater than normal
positive response to the treatment
Suppose your assignment is to use the standard time trade-off approach to measure quality of life.
You are given the following information: An individual is faced with living the remaining 10 years of
their life suffering from severe osteoporosis. The individual reveals that they would be willing to give
up four of those years to live the remaining six in perfect health. What is the utility of one year in a
chronic health state relative to perfect health? ✔Correct Answer--0.6
The concept of quality-adjusted life year (QALY): ✔Correct Answer--is used extensively to evaluate
medical care resource allocation within government-run programs on fixed budgets, especially in
Europe.
The accompanying diagram depicts the relationship between health status and medical care
spending for a particular country. Assume the current spending level is S on TP . All of the statements
below are true? ✔Correct Answer--S1 levels of spending are often described as spending on the
flat of the curve.
There are substantial differences in medical care use by demographic characteristics such as age, sex,
and marital status. Which of the following statements is true? ✔Correct Answer--Adult women
spend more money on medical care than men do.
A physician's ability to induce demand is greatly enhanced when: ✔Correct Answer--patients have
difficulty gathering and processing information.
According to Grossman (1972), how is the demand for medical care determined? ✔Correct
Answer--It is derived from the demand for health.
The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include: ✔Correct Answer--pain and
suffering.
The primary tasks required to conduct a successful cost effectiveness study are all of the following
except: ✔Correct Answer--identifying the overall cost of a health condition on society.
Under which of the following circumstances is the principal-agent relationship likely to be most
problematic? ✔Correct Answer--Between surgeons and patients
Which of the following would likely lead to the greatest improvement in the health status of the
population in the United States? ✔Correct Answer--Improved lifestyles changes
Many economists consider medical care a superior good. Which of the following statements is true
regarding a superior good? ✔Correct Answer--As consumer income increases, consumers spend
more on superior goods.