CSET world language: Subtest IV
1. Elective bilingual- majority member learning second language without losing first languages. Elec-
ism tive bilingualism is whereby L2 is acquired through language classes, and have
been immersed by choice in a social context for a prolonged period of time where
the L2 language is spoken as the L1.
2. Circumstantial learning language to survive. Circumstantial bilinguals, on the other hand, are
bilingualism forced to relocate to a new country and must learn the new language for survival.
The child learners will enter a "functional" stage of learning the language after
about two years of being in a new country. This means that they will basically
be fluent and able to function in all aspects of life with needed written and oral
language skills. Interestingly, when the child has reached this stage, they will
begin to avoid using their native language. However, this native language will still
be present in the way they both speak and write. Adult learners will most likely not
enter the functional stage until they have been in the new country for 10 years.
They will also remain native language preferent.
3. Language skills observable, clearly defined components of language
4. Language com- inner, mental representation of language. Linguistic competence is the system
petence of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. It is distin-
guished from linguistic performance, which is the way a language system is used
in communication.
5. Language per- outward evidence of language competence
formance
6. Language outcome of formal instruction
achievement
7. Balanced bilin- someone who is equally competent in two languages
gual
8. Semilingual
, CSET world language: Subtest IV
someone who does not have total competency in either language. A semilingual
is defined as a person who know two languages but exhibit low profile in both,
that involves have poor vocabulary and wrong grammar.
9. Oracy Receptive skill: listening, Productive skill: speaking
10. Literacy Receptive skill: reading, Productive skill: writing
11. fractional view of bilinguals as being the equivalent of two monolin-guals in one person. This
bilingualism view considers bilinguals as developing parallel linguistic competence in both
languages simultaneously, and studies following this perspective often compare
bilinguals with monolinguals.
12. Holistic view of bilingual doesn't equal two monolinguals in one person, can't measure against
bilingualism native speaker. Different languages in different contexts. each bilingual is a unique
individual who integrates knowledge of and from both languages
13. Diglossia two languages in a community. is a situation in which two dialects or languages
are used by a single language community. In addition to the community's every-
day language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a second, highly codified vari-
ety (labeled "H" or "high") is used in certain situations such as literature, formal
education, or other specific settings, but not used for ordinary conversation. In
most cases, the H variety has no native speakers.
14. acquires both languages at the same time and prior to the age of 3
, CSET world language: Subtest IV
Simultaneous
language
acquisition
15. Codeswitching moving back and forth between registers, dialects, or languages. change lan-
guages at phrase level
16. lexical gaps refers to those people whose experiences are not well represented by their
language and therefore have difficulties expressing their thoughts and feelings
verbally. is a word in a language that could exist because it follows the grammatical
rules of the language but is nonexistent. In addition, the word missing from one
language may often be present in another.
17. Language loss decline in speaker's first language proficiency while a second language is being
learned
18. Codemixing changing languages at word level
19. Language bor- foreign words that have become permanent part of recipient language. part of
rowing continuum of codeswitching
20. Language inter- pejorative term for borrowing between languages. speakers or writers applying
ference knowledge from one language to another language.
21. Translanguaging hearing/reading a lesson/passage in one language and the development of the
work in another. Promotes more thorough understanding. the process whereby
multilingual speakers utilize their languages as an integrated communication
system. It is a dynamic process in which multilingual language users mediate
1. Elective bilingual- majority member learning second language without losing first languages. Elec-
ism tive bilingualism is whereby L2 is acquired through language classes, and have
been immersed by choice in a social context for a prolonged period of time where
the L2 language is spoken as the L1.
2. Circumstantial learning language to survive. Circumstantial bilinguals, on the other hand, are
bilingualism forced to relocate to a new country and must learn the new language for survival.
The child learners will enter a "functional" stage of learning the language after
about two years of being in a new country. This means that they will basically
be fluent and able to function in all aspects of life with needed written and oral
language skills. Interestingly, when the child has reached this stage, they will
begin to avoid using their native language. However, this native language will still
be present in the way they both speak and write. Adult learners will most likely not
enter the functional stage until they have been in the new country for 10 years.
They will also remain native language preferent.
3. Language skills observable, clearly defined components of language
4. Language com- inner, mental representation of language. Linguistic competence is the system
petence of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. It is distin-
guished from linguistic performance, which is the way a language system is used
in communication.
5. Language per- outward evidence of language competence
formance
6. Language outcome of formal instruction
achievement
7. Balanced bilin- someone who is equally competent in two languages
gual
8. Semilingual
, CSET world language: Subtest IV
someone who does not have total competency in either language. A semilingual
is defined as a person who know two languages but exhibit low profile in both,
that involves have poor vocabulary and wrong grammar.
9. Oracy Receptive skill: listening, Productive skill: speaking
10. Literacy Receptive skill: reading, Productive skill: writing
11. fractional view of bilinguals as being the equivalent of two monolin-guals in one person. This
bilingualism view considers bilinguals as developing parallel linguistic competence in both
languages simultaneously, and studies following this perspective often compare
bilinguals with monolinguals.
12. Holistic view of bilingual doesn't equal two monolinguals in one person, can't measure against
bilingualism native speaker. Different languages in different contexts. each bilingual is a unique
individual who integrates knowledge of and from both languages
13. Diglossia two languages in a community. is a situation in which two dialects or languages
are used by a single language community. In addition to the community's every-
day language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a second, highly codified vari-
ety (labeled "H" or "high") is used in certain situations such as literature, formal
education, or other specific settings, but not used for ordinary conversation. In
most cases, the H variety has no native speakers.
14. acquires both languages at the same time and prior to the age of 3
, CSET world language: Subtest IV
Simultaneous
language
acquisition
15. Codeswitching moving back and forth between registers, dialects, or languages. change lan-
guages at phrase level
16. lexical gaps refers to those people whose experiences are not well represented by their
language and therefore have difficulties expressing their thoughts and feelings
verbally. is a word in a language that could exist because it follows the grammatical
rules of the language but is nonexistent. In addition, the word missing from one
language may often be present in another.
17. Language loss decline in speaker's first language proficiency while a second language is being
learned
18. Codemixing changing languages at word level
19. Language bor- foreign words that have become permanent part of recipient language. part of
rowing continuum of codeswitching
20. Language inter- pejorative term for borrowing between languages. speakers or writers applying
ference knowledge from one language to another language.
21. Translanguaging hearing/reading a lesson/passage in one language and the development of the
work in another. Promotes more thorough understanding. the process whereby
multilingual speakers utilize their languages as an integrated communication
system. It is a dynamic process in which multilingual language users mediate
