MGMT 309 EXAM 2 TAMU STUDY GUIDE
Decision Making - Answer -- choosing from alternatives
- is the cornerstone of planning
- is the catalyst that drives the planning process
- Underlies every aspect of setting goals and formulating plans
Planning - Answer -- way in which to achieve goals
- all organizations plan, but not in the same fashion
- all planning occurs within an environmental context
- all goals require plans to guide in their achievement
- all goals are tied to higher goals and plans
Purpose, premises, values, directions - Answer -The organization's mission regarding
environmental context
Strategic goals/plans, Tactical goals/plans, Operational goals/plans - Answer -The 3
Environmental Context goals/plans that mesh with the organization's missions
Purposes of Organizational Goals - Answer -- Provide guidance and a unified direction
for people in the org
- Strong affect on the quality of other aspects of planning
- Serve as a source of motivation for employees
- Provide a mechanism for evaluation and control of the org
-Mgmt by objectives
-People are hesitant to establish
By Level, by Area, by Time Frame - Answer -The 3 kinds of goals
Mission statement, strategic goals, tactical goals, operational goals - Answer -The 4
sub-parts of By Level Goals
Mission Statement - Answer -a statement of an organization's fundamental purpose
- overarching ideas
Strategic goals - Answer -goals set by and for top management of the organization that
address broad, general issues
Tactical goals - Answer -goals set by and for middle managers; their focus is on how to
operationalize actions to strategic goals
Operation goals - Answer -goals set by and for lower-level managers to address issues
associated with tactical goals
By Area - Answer -Different functional areas of the organization
,By Time Frame - Answer -Long term, intermediate term, or short term time frames and
explicit time frames or open-ended
All managers (all employees)
- Managerial responsibility for goal setting should correspond to the manager's level in
the org - Answer -Who sets goals?
Optimizing - Answer -To manage multiple goals
- this allows managers to balance and reconcile inconsistent or conflicting goals
- Managers can pursue one goal and exclude all others to seek a mid-range goal
- figure out how to solve conflict
- work together, have trade-offs
- study broad example with graduating
Criteria for Effective Goals - Answer -- Specific & measurable (not technically
quantitative)
- Cover key result areas (ex. reducing waste)
- Challenging but realistic (difficult but attainable. Unknown)
- Defined Time Period (connected to time frame. evaluation)
- Linked to rewards (things you value)
Strategic, Tactical, Operational - Answer -Kinds of Organizational Plans
Strategic Plans - Answer -a general plan set by and for top management that outlines
resource allocation, priorities, and action steps to achieve strategic goals
Tactical Plans - Answer -A plan aimed at achieving that tactical goals set by and for
middle management
Operational Plans - Answer -short-term focus plans that are set by and for lower-level
managers
Time dimensions of planning - Answer -Planning must provide sufficient time to fulfill
the managerial commitments involved
Long-range plans - Answer -- plans of 5 or more years
- strategic
Intermediate plans - Answer --usually cover from 1 to 5 years and parallel tactical plans
- tactical
Short-range plans - Answer --Short-range (operational) action and contingency plans of
1 year or less
, Planning Staff - Answer -- gather info, coordinate planning activities, and take a
broader view than individual managers
- Full-time
Planning Task Force - Answer -- created when the org wants a special circumstance
addressed
- is for a designed event or purpose
- temporary
Board of Directors - Answer -- establishes corporate mission and strategy
- may engage in strategic planning
Chief Executive Officer - Answer -- may serve as president or board chair; has a major
role in planning and implementing the strategy
- strategic
Executive Committee - Answer -- is composed of top executives
- meets regularly with the CEO to review strategic plans
Line Management - Answer -- have formal authority (over someone else) and
responsibility for mgmt of the org
- help to formulate strategy by providing info
- are responsible for executing the plans of top mgmt
Contingency Planning - Answer -- dependent on an event
- the determination of alternative courses of action to be taken if an intended plan is
unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate
- these plans help managers to cope with uncertainty and change
- what might happen. anticipating
- operational plans
Crisis Management - Answer -- the set of procedures the organization uses in the event
of a disaster or other unexpected calamity
- difficult to anticipate
- operational plans
- Result
Ex. Hurricane Harvey
Lack of contingency planning and result of crisis mgmt
Human behavior is hard to predict
Homeland security website was made - Answer -Why was the Apollo 13 clip shown
where the men had too much CO2?
Single-Use Plan and Standing Plan - Answer -What are the 2 types of operational
plans?
Decision Making - Answer -- choosing from alternatives
- is the cornerstone of planning
- is the catalyst that drives the planning process
- Underlies every aspect of setting goals and formulating plans
Planning - Answer -- way in which to achieve goals
- all organizations plan, but not in the same fashion
- all planning occurs within an environmental context
- all goals require plans to guide in their achievement
- all goals are tied to higher goals and plans
Purpose, premises, values, directions - Answer -The organization's mission regarding
environmental context
Strategic goals/plans, Tactical goals/plans, Operational goals/plans - Answer -The 3
Environmental Context goals/plans that mesh with the organization's missions
Purposes of Organizational Goals - Answer -- Provide guidance and a unified direction
for people in the org
- Strong affect on the quality of other aspects of planning
- Serve as a source of motivation for employees
- Provide a mechanism for evaluation and control of the org
-Mgmt by objectives
-People are hesitant to establish
By Level, by Area, by Time Frame - Answer -The 3 kinds of goals
Mission statement, strategic goals, tactical goals, operational goals - Answer -The 4
sub-parts of By Level Goals
Mission Statement - Answer -a statement of an organization's fundamental purpose
- overarching ideas
Strategic goals - Answer -goals set by and for top management of the organization that
address broad, general issues
Tactical goals - Answer -goals set by and for middle managers; their focus is on how to
operationalize actions to strategic goals
Operation goals - Answer -goals set by and for lower-level managers to address issues
associated with tactical goals
By Area - Answer -Different functional areas of the organization
,By Time Frame - Answer -Long term, intermediate term, or short term time frames and
explicit time frames or open-ended
All managers (all employees)
- Managerial responsibility for goal setting should correspond to the manager's level in
the org - Answer -Who sets goals?
Optimizing - Answer -To manage multiple goals
- this allows managers to balance and reconcile inconsistent or conflicting goals
- Managers can pursue one goal and exclude all others to seek a mid-range goal
- figure out how to solve conflict
- work together, have trade-offs
- study broad example with graduating
Criteria for Effective Goals - Answer -- Specific & measurable (not technically
quantitative)
- Cover key result areas (ex. reducing waste)
- Challenging but realistic (difficult but attainable. Unknown)
- Defined Time Period (connected to time frame. evaluation)
- Linked to rewards (things you value)
Strategic, Tactical, Operational - Answer -Kinds of Organizational Plans
Strategic Plans - Answer -a general plan set by and for top management that outlines
resource allocation, priorities, and action steps to achieve strategic goals
Tactical Plans - Answer -A plan aimed at achieving that tactical goals set by and for
middle management
Operational Plans - Answer -short-term focus plans that are set by and for lower-level
managers
Time dimensions of planning - Answer -Planning must provide sufficient time to fulfill
the managerial commitments involved
Long-range plans - Answer -- plans of 5 or more years
- strategic
Intermediate plans - Answer --usually cover from 1 to 5 years and parallel tactical plans
- tactical
Short-range plans - Answer --Short-range (operational) action and contingency plans of
1 year or less
, Planning Staff - Answer -- gather info, coordinate planning activities, and take a
broader view than individual managers
- Full-time
Planning Task Force - Answer -- created when the org wants a special circumstance
addressed
- is for a designed event or purpose
- temporary
Board of Directors - Answer -- establishes corporate mission and strategy
- may engage in strategic planning
Chief Executive Officer - Answer -- may serve as president or board chair; has a major
role in planning and implementing the strategy
- strategic
Executive Committee - Answer -- is composed of top executives
- meets regularly with the CEO to review strategic plans
Line Management - Answer -- have formal authority (over someone else) and
responsibility for mgmt of the org
- help to formulate strategy by providing info
- are responsible for executing the plans of top mgmt
Contingency Planning - Answer -- dependent on an event
- the determination of alternative courses of action to be taken if an intended plan is
unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate
- these plans help managers to cope with uncertainty and change
- what might happen. anticipating
- operational plans
Crisis Management - Answer -- the set of procedures the organization uses in the event
of a disaster or other unexpected calamity
- difficult to anticipate
- operational plans
- Result
Ex. Hurricane Harvey
Lack of contingency planning and result of crisis mgmt
Human behavior is hard to predict
Homeland security website was made - Answer -Why was the Apollo 13 clip shown
where the men had too much CO2?
Single-Use Plan and Standing Plan - Answer -What are the 2 types of operational
plans?
