BIOD 101 MODULE 6: 80-QUESTION PRACTICE
EXAM TEST BANK (PORTAGE LEARNING 2025) –
PROKARYOTES, IMMUNITY, BACTERIAL
STRUCTURE & GRAM STAIN THE | ULTIMATE
STUDY GUIDE FOR YR. (2026/2027)
Portage Learning – Foundations of Biology I (2025 Edition)
Prokaryotic Cells, Immunity, Bacterial Structure, Antibiotic Resistance
Practice Set Overview
• Total Questions: 80
• Exam Format Includes: o True or False o Fill-in-the-
Blank o Short Answer o Definitions
Topics Covered
• Prokaryotic cell structure (nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, capsule, fimbriae)
• Gram-positive vs Gram-negative bacteria
• Bacterial morphology: cocci, bacilli, spiral
• Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)
• Antibiotic mechanisms and resistance (e.g., penicillin, porins, carbapenems)
• Innate immune system: neutrophils, mast cells, interferons, NK cells
• Adaptive immunity: B cells, T cells, antibodies, memory cells
• Inflammatory response and immune evasion strategies
• Apoptosis, complement proteins, cytokines, and antigen presentation
Intended For:
• Students preparing for the BIOD 101 Module 6 Exam at Portage Learning
• Learners seeking mastery in bacterial anatomy, immunity, and infection
, • Use in self-study, revision, or mock exam environments
Compiled: 2025
Course: BIOD 101 – Foundations of Biology I
Institution: Portage Learning
Authoring Style: Modeled after Portage Learning exam structure and terminology
1. True or False
Statement: The nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells contains a membrane-bound nucleus.
Answer: False
The nucleoid is a non-membrane-bound region where DNA is concentrated in prokaryotes.
2. Fill in the Blank
Question: Small circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria, separate from the chromosomal
DNA, are called ________.
Answer: Plasmids
3. Short Answer
Question: What is the function of the bacterial capsule?
Answer: It helps bacteria adhere to surfaces and protects against the host immune system.
4. Definition
Term: Peptidoglycan
Definition: A polymer of sugars cross-linked by peptides that forms the bacterial cell wall.
, 5. True or False
Statement: Gram-positive bacteria stain pink with a Gram stain due to a thin peptidoglycan
wall.
Answer: False
Gram-positive bacteria stain purple; it’s Gram-negative bacteria that stain pink due to the outer
membrane.
6. Fill in the Blank
Question: The bacterial shape described as spherical is called ________.
Answer: Cocci
7. Short Answer
Question: What role do neutrophils play in the immune system?
Answer: Neutrophils are the first responders that engulf pathogens and promote inflammation.
8. Definition
Term: Interferons
Definition: Cytokine proteins that signal the presence of a virus and trigger defensive
responses.
9. True or False
Statement: Mast cells release histamines to promote inflammation.
Answer: True
10. Fill in the Blank
Question: Rod-shaped bacteria are referred to as ________.
EXAM TEST BANK (PORTAGE LEARNING 2025) –
PROKARYOTES, IMMUNITY, BACTERIAL
STRUCTURE & GRAM STAIN THE | ULTIMATE
STUDY GUIDE FOR YR. (2026/2027)
Portage Learning – Foundations of Biology I (2025 Edition)
Prokaryotic Cells, Immunity, Bacterial Structure, Antibiotic Resistance
Practice Set Overview
• Total Questions: 80
• Exam Format Includes: o True or False o Fill-in-the-
Blank o Short Answer o Definitions
Topics Covered
• Prokaryotic cell structure (nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, capsule, fimbriae)
• Gram-positive vs Gram-negative bacteria
• Bacterial morphology: cocci, bacilli, spiral
• Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)
• Antibiotic mechanisms and resistance (e.g., penicillin, porins, carbapenems)
• Innate immune system: neutrophils, mast cells, interferons, NK cells
• Adaptive immunity: B cells, T cells, antibodies, memory cells
• Inflammatory response and immune evasion strategies
• Apoptosis, complement proteins, cytokines, and antigen presentation
Intended For:
• Students preparing for the BIOD 101 Module 6 Exam at Portage Learning
• Learners seeking mastery in bacterial anatomy, immunity, and infection
, • Use in self-study, revision, or mock exam environments
Compiled: 2025
Course: BIOD 101 – Foundations of Biology I
Institution: Portage Learning
Authoring Style: Modeled after Portage Learning exam structure and terminology
1. True or False
Statement: The nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells contains a membrane-bound nucleus.
Answer: False
The nucleoid is a non-membrane-bound region where DNA is concentrated in prokaryotes.
2. Fill in the Blank
Question: Small circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria, separate from the chromosomal
DNA, are called ________.
Answer: Plasmids
3. Short Answer
Question: What is the function of the bacterial capsule?
Answer: It helps bacteria adhere to surfaces and protects against the host immune system.
4. Definition
Term: Peptidoglycan
Definition: A polymer of sugars cross-linked by peptides that forms the bacterial cell wall.
, 5. True or False
Statement: Gram-positive bacteria stain pink with a Gram stain due to a thin peptidoglycan
wall.
Answer: False
Gram-positive bacteria stain purple; it’s Gram-negative bacteria that stain pink due to the outer
membrane.
6. Fill in the Blank
Question: The bacterial shape described as spherical is called ________.
Answer: Cocci
7. Short Answer
Question: What role do neutrophils play in the immune system?
Answer: Neutrophils are the first responders that engulf pathogens and promote inflammation.
8. Definition
Term: Interferons
Definition: Cytokine proteins that signal the presence of a virus and trigger defensive
responses.
9. True or False
Statement: Mast cells release histamines to promote inflammation.
Answer: True
10. Fill in the Blank
Question: Rod-shaped bacteria are referred to as ________.
