On M mode a flail Mitral Valve may have a similar appearance to
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An infected Mitral Valve
Know that Atropine may be given at peak dose if the target heart rate is not reached.
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Peak HR is 80%
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve?
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Posterior
Also psterior medial papillary muscle
Single blood supply to posterior wall
Calculate CO:
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CO=HR x CSA OR CO=SV x HR
Normal is 4-8 L/min depending on BSA
SV/EDV x 100
Classifications of restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathies?
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1. Endomyocardial fibrosis
2. Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease (Loffler's cardiomyopathy)
3. Idiopathic hyper eosinophilic syndrome
,Which valve lesion is most commonly associated with LBBB?
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Calcified aortic Stenosis
Describe the physiology of Eisenmenger's syndrome
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At normal ventricular pressures, primary direction of flow across a
ventricular septal defect is left to right. In Eisenmengers syndrome, long-
standing left to right shunt, in the form of a ventricular or atrial septal
defect, causes pulmonary hypertension. When the pulmonary pressures
exceed the systemic LV pressures the shunt reverses direction, becoming
right to left.
What are the normal systolic and diastolic pressures in the four cardiac chambers and
great vessels?
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Normal pressures are as follows:
*Right atrial (mean) = 6 mmHg.
*Right ventricular = 25/ 5 mmHg.
*Pulmonary artery = 25/10 mmHg.
*Left atrial (mean) = 10 mmHg.
*Left ventricular =120/7 mmHg
*Aortic =120/ 80 mmHg
, Common 2D findings in HOCM?
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1. Endocardial plaqueing of the IVS
2. LAE
3. Thickening of the anterior Mitral Valve
2D findings with tamponade?
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1. moderate-to-large pericardial effusion
2. "swinging heart" motion pattern
3. Right Ventricle early diastolic collapse/compression
4. Right Atrium late diastolic and/or early systolic collapse lasting at least
1/3 of the cardiac cycle.
5. Inspiratory "bounce" of the IVS toward the Left Ventricle with inspiration
6. dilated IVC (normal 1.2 - 2.3 cm) with lack of collapse upon inspiration
(normal collapse >50%) (aka IVC plethora)
Name the cardiac walls supplied by each of the coronary arteries.
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Normally, the major coronary arteries supply the cardiac walls as follows
(based on the ASE 17 segment model):
right coronary artery
a) inferior wall
b) interoseptal
c) right ventricular apex
Give this one a try later!
An infected Mitral Valve
Know that Atropine may be given at peak dose if the target heart rate is not reached.
,Give this one a try later!
Peak HR is 80%
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve?
Give this one a try later!
Posterior
Also psterior medial papillary muscle
Single blood supply to posterior wall
Calculate CO:
Give this one a try later!
CO=HR x CSA OR CO=SV x HR
Normal is 4-8 L/min depending on BSA
SV/EDV x 100
Classifications of restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathies?
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1. Endomyocardial fibrosis
2. Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease (Loffler's cardiomyopathy)
3. Idiopathic hyper eosinophilic syndrome
,Which valve lesion is most commonly associated with LBBB?
Give this one a try later!
Calcified aortic Stenosis
Describe the physiology of Eisenmenger's syndrome
Give this one a try later!
At normal ventricular pressures, primary direction of flow across a
ventricular septal defect is left to right. In Eisenmengers syndrome, long-
standing left to right shunt, in the form of a ventricular or atrial septal
defect, causes pulmonary hypertension. When the pulmonary pressures
exceed the systemic LV pressures the shunt reverses direction, becoming
right to left.
What are the normal systolic and diastolic pressures in the four cardiac chambers and
great vessels?
Give this one a try later!
Normal pressures are as follows:
*Right atrial (mean) = 6 mmHg.
*Right ventricular = 25/ 5 mmHg.
*Pulmonary artery = 25/10 mmHg.
*Left atrial (mean) = 10 mmHg.
*Left ventricular =120/7 mmHg
*Aortic =120/ 80 mmHg
, Common 2D findings in HOCM?
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1. Endocardial plaqueing of the IVS
2. LAE
3. Thickening of the anterior Mitral Valve
2D findings with tamponade?
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1. moderate-to-large pericardial effusion
2. "swinging heart" motion pattern
3. Right Ventricle early diastolic collapse/compression
4. Right Atrium late diastolic and/or early systolic collapse lasting at least
1/3 of the cardiac cycle.
5. Inspiratory "bounce" of the IVS toward the Left Ventricle with inspiration
6. dilated IVC (normal 1.2 - 2.3 cm) with lack of collapse upon inspiration
(normal collapse >50%) (aka IVC plethora)
Name the cardiac walls supplied by each of the coronary arteries.
Give this one a try later!
Normally, the major coronary arteries supply the cardiac walls as follows
(based on the ASE 17 segment model):
right coronary artery
a) inferior wall
b) interoseptal
c) right ventricular apex
