Review Questions
Chapter 1
1. One type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a
specimen is the scanning electron microscope.
2. One type of microscope capable of observing living microorganisms is the
fluorescence UV light microscope.
3. Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about
spontaneous generation? Louis Pasteur
4. Fossils of prokaryotes go back 3.5 to 4 billion years.
5. Which of the following is not a microorganism? insect
6. The correct descending order of the taxonomic categories is domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
7. Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called biofilms.
8. A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one
provides nutrients for another is called commensalism.
9. Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal
flora? blood
10. Which of the following industries use(s) microorganisms? All of the
above
11. All bacteria are prokaryotic cells based on presence or absence of
, cellular structures.
12. Cells that contain a nucleus are eukaryotic cells.
13. The taxonomic resource for information on bacteria is the Bergey’s
Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
14. The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are prion
proteins.
15. The cleanup of different industrial waste is referred to as
bioremediation.
16. Name and briefly describe the different types of microscopes.
Compound microscope- the first microscope, can magnify 20x 30x.
bright-field microscope – stained – dead organisms
dark-field microscope- organisms can be alive.
phase-contrast clear microscope, organisms can be alive
fluorescence UV light – used to diagnose infections, organisms alive.
electron microscopes – TEM, SEM, 2D and 3D images and most
powerful, organisms can be alive.
17. Describe Koch’s postulates.
The microorganism must be found in all organisms suffering from
the disease, but not in healthy organisms.
The microorganism must be isolated from the diseased organism
and grown in pure culture.
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced
into a healthy, susceptible organism.
The microorganism must be re-isolated from the experimentally
infected host and identified as being identical to the original
specific causative agent.
18. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are small, have no nucleus and are like bacterias,
etc. Eukaryotic cells are larger, they have a nucleus, and are in
animals, plants etc.
19. Describe how foodborne diseases can be prevented. Cleaning, keeping
frozen and separated from other foods and pests, cooking to proper
temps.
Chapter 1
1. One type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a
specimen is the scanning electron microscope.
2. One type of microscope capable of observing living microorganisms is the
fluorescence UV light microscope.
3. Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about
spontaneous generation? Louis Pasteur
4. Fossils of prokaryotes go back 3.5 to 4 billion years.
5. Which of the following is not a microorganism? insect
6. The correct descending order of the taxonomic categories is domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
7. Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called biofilms.
8. A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one
provides nutrients for another is called commensalism.
9. Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal
flora? blood
10. Which of the following industries use(s) microorganisms? All of the
above
11. All bacteria are prokaryotic cells based on presence or absence of
, cellular structures.
12. Cells that contain a nucleus are eukaryotic cells.
13. The taxonomic resource for information on bacteria is the Bergey’s
Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
14. The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are prion
proteins.
15. The cleanup of different industrial waste is referred to as
bioremediation.
16. Name and briefly describe the different types of microscopes.
Compound microscope- the first microscope, can magnify 20x 30x.
bright-field microscope – stained – dead organisms
dark-field microscope- organisms can be alive.
phase-contrast clear microscope, organisms can be alive
fluorescence UV light – used to diagnose infections, organisms alive.
electron microscopes – TEM, SEM, 2D and 3D images and most
powerful, organisms can be alive.
17. Describe Koch’s postulates.
The microorganism must be found in all organisms suffering from
the disease, but not in healthy organisms.
The microorganism must be isolated from the diseased organism
and grown in pure culture.
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced
into a healthy, susceptible organism.
The microorganism must be re-isolated from the experimentally
infected host and identified as being identical to the original
specific causative agent.
18. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are small, have no nucleus and are like bacterias,
etc. Eukaryotic cells are larger, they have a nucleus, and are in
animals, plants etc.
19. Describe how foodborne diseases can be prevented. Cleaning, keeping
frozen and separated from other foods and pests, cooking to proper
temps.
