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NR507 Final Exam Study Guide: Advanced
Pathophysiology | Comprehensive Q&A For
Certification Success
Acute Renal Failure - correct-answer -Reversible condition where kidneys respond
to diuretic with good output, indicating functioning kidneys.
Acute Pyelonephritis - correct-answer -A kidney infection characterized by
bacterial colonization, adherence and invasion, inflammation, and renal injury.
Diagnosis of Acute Pyelonephritis - correct-answer -Urinalysis shows positive
urine culture with significant bacteriuria (>10^5 CFU/mL) and pyuria (≥10 white
blood cells per high-power field).
Renal Calculi - correct-answer -Kidney stones formed by supersaturation of urine,
nucleation of crystals, and urinary stasis.
Assessment of Renal Calculi - correct-answer -Includes medical history, physical
exam for flank pain, imaging studies (CT scan, renal ultrasound, x-ray), and lab
tests.
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Treatment for Renal Calculi - correct-answer -Conservative treatment for stones
<5 mm, medical management with thiazide diuretics or allopurinol, and lithotripsy
for stones >5 mm.
Chronic Renal Failure - correct-answer -Progressive loss of renal function
associated with systemic diseases like hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
CKD Stage Determination - correct-answer -Determined by estimates of GFR and
albuminuria.
Flank Pain - correct-answer -Pain in the side of the body, often associated with
kidney issues such as renal calculi or pyelonephritis.
CBC - correct-answer -Complete blood count used to evaluate white blood cell
count as an indicator of infection.
Imaging Studies for Pyelonephritis - correct-answer -Renal ultrasound or CT scan
used to identify structural abnormalities and complications.
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Urinary Stasis - correct-answer -Condition where urine flow is inadequate,
allowing crystals to remain in the urinary tract and form stones.
Nucleation - correct-answer -Process where crystals act as sites for further crystal
deposition in the formation of kidney stones.
Systemic Signs of Severe Infection - correct-answer -High fever, chills, and
tachycardia may suggest a severe infection in the context of pyelonephritis.
Costovertebral Angle (CVA) Tenderness - correct-answer -Tenderness in the area
of the lower back, often assessed during physical exams for kidney-related
conditions.
Hematuria - correct-answer -Presence of blood in urine, which can indicate renal
calculi or infection.
Thiazide Diuretics - correct-answer -Medications used for medical management of
calcium stones in renal calculi.
NR507 Final Exam Study Guide: Advanced
Pathophysiology | Comprehensive Q&A For
Certification Success
Acute Renal Failure - correct-answer -Reversible condition where kidneys respond
to diuretic with good output, indicating functioning kidneys.
Acute Pyelonephritis - correct-answer -A kidney infection characterized by
bacterial colonization, adherence and invasion, inflammation, and renal injury.
Diagnosis of Acute Pyelonephritis - correct-answer -Urinalysis shows positive
urine culture with significant bacteriuria (>10^5 CFU/mL) and pyuria (≥10 white
blood cells per high-power field).
Renal Calculi - correct-answer -Kidney stones formed by supersaturation of urine,
nucleation of crystals, and urinary stasis.
Assessment of Renal Calculi - correct-answer -Includes medical history, physical
exam for flank pain, imaging studies (CT scan, renal ultrasound, x-ray), and lab
tests.
,2|Page
Treatment for Renal Calculi - correct-answer -Conservative treatment for stones
<5 mm, medical management with thiazide diuretics or allopurinol, and lithotripsy
for stones >5 mm.
Chronic Renal Failure - correct-answer -Progressive loss of renal function
associated with systemic diseases like hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
CKD Stage Determination - correct-answer -Determined by estimates of GFR and
albuminuria.
Flank Pain - correct-answer -Pain in the side of the body, often associated with
kidney issues such as renal calculi or pyelonephritis.
CBC - correct-answer -Complete blood count used to evaluate white blood cell
count as an indicator of infection.
Imaging Studies for Pyelonephritis - correct-answer -Renal ultrasound or CT scan
used to identify structural abnormalities and complications.
, 3|Page
Urinary Stasis - correct-answer -Condition where urine flow is inadequate,
allowing crystals to remain in the urinary tract and form stones.
Nucleation - correct-answer -Process where crystals act as sites for further crystal
deposition in the formation of kidney stones.
Systemic Signs of Severe Infection - correct-answer -High fever, chills, and
tachycardia may suggest a severe infection in the context of pyelonephritis.
Costovertebral Angle (CVA) Tenderness - correct-answer -Tenderness in the area
of the lower back, often assessed during physical exams for kidney-related
conditions.
Hematuria - correct-answer -Presence of blood in urine, which can indicate renal
calculi or infection.
Thiazide Diuretics - correct-answer -Medications used for medical management of
calcium stones in renal calculi.
