General C
Mentzen
Chapters 7
, 7.4-7.5: Formation and Electron Configuration of
7.4: Properties of Atoms: Atomic properties such as orbita
nuclear charge, atomic size, ionization energy, and electron
predictable trends across periods and down groups based o
nucleus attracts electrons
7.5: Formation and Electron Configuration of Ions: Ions f
lose electrons and nonmetals gain them, changing their siz
creating isoelectronic species with the same number of elec
nuclear charges.
7.4: Properties of Atoms
Know...
Orbital Energy Trend
Decreases as you go from left to right across the pe
Increases as you go from top to bottom
Atomic Radii
Covalent Radius: Distance between the nuclei of tw
Metallic Radius: Distance between atoms in a meta
, 7.5: Electron Configuration of Ions
Know...
Rules - Recap
Aubau’s Principle: electrons fill the lowest-energy or
Pauli Exclusion Rule: Each orbital holds a maximum
Hund’s Rule: When filling s, p, d, or f orbitals, whic
before pairing up
Know...how many electrons each orbital holds
s: 1 orbital: 2 valence electrons
p: 3 orbitals: 6 valence electrons
d: 5 orbitals: 10 valence electrons
f: 7 orbitals: 14 valence electrons
Exceptions: Cu, Cr, Mo, Ag, Au
Often shift an electron to get half filled or filled d-su
When forming ions...
Metals remove from the s-orbital first even if d is low
Mentzen
Chapters 7
, 7.4-7.5: Formation and Electron Configuration of
7.4: Properties of Atoms: Atomic properties such as orbita
nuclear charge, atomic size, ionization energy, and electron
predictable trends across periods and down groups based o
nucleus attracts electrons
7.5: Formation and Electron Configuration of Ions: Ions f
lose electrons and nonmetals gain them, changing their siz
creating isoelectronic species with the same number of elec
nuclear charges.
7.4: Properties of Atoms
Know...
Orbital Energy Trend
Decreases as you go from left to right across the pe
Increases as you go from top to bottom
Atomic Radii
Covalent Radius: Distance between the nuclei of tw
Metallic Radius: Distance between atoms in a meta
, 7.5: Electron Configuration of Ions
Know...
Rules - Recap
Aubau’s Principle: electrons fill the lowest-energy or
Pauli Exclusion Rule: Each orbital holds a maximum
Hund’s Rule: When filling s, p, d, or f orbitals, whic
before pairing up
Know...how many electrons each orbital holds
s: 1 orbital: 2 valence electrons
p: 3 orbitals: 6 valence electrons
d: 5 orbitals: 10 valence electrons
f: 7 orbitals: 14 valence electrons
Exceptions: Cu, Cr, Mo, Ag, Au
Often shift an electron to get half filled or filled d-su
When forming ions...
Metals remove from the s-orbital first even if d is low
