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fórmula mínima y real con combustión

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Ejercicios resueltos.

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Uploaded on
February 10, 2021
Number of pages
1
Written in
2020/2021
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Case
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Salvador pérez
Grade
10 (matrícula de hon

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EJEMPLO DE FORMULA MÍNIMA Y REAL CON COMBUSTIÓN
Un compuesto formado por C, H, O y N se quema con oxigeno hasta combustión completa. En una muestra de 5.95g de dicho compuesto se obtuvieron
𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 moléculas de H2O y 14.3452 g de CO2. Por otro lado, una muestra gaseosa de 9g del mismo compuesto, a presión de 0.98atm y 420K ocupó
un volumen de 2165mL. En el compuesto se sabe que el 19.17% peso es nitrógeno.

Determine:

A) Formula mínima del compuesto 𝐂𝐱 𝐇𝐲 𝐍𝐰 𝐎𝐳 + 𝐎𝟐 → 𝐂𝐎𝟐 + 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
B) Formula real del compuesto

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 𝟏𝟖 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 𝟐 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐇 Este es el hidrógeno
𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥é𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐞 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 ( )( )( ) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟐𝟖 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐇
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥é𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐞 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 𝟏𝟖 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 que, al quemarse, todo
se convierte en H2O
𝟏𝟐 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐂 Este es el carbono que,
𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟐 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐎𝟐 ( ) = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐂
𝟒𝟒 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐎𝟐 al quemarse, todo se
convierte en CO2

𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟕 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐍 𝐦𝐂𝐱𝐇𝐲 𝐍𝐰𝐎𝐳 = 𝐦𝐂𝐱 + 𝐦𝐇𝐲 + 𝐦𝐍𝐰 + 𝐦𝐎𝐳
𝟓. 𝟗𝟓 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐱 𝐇𝐲 𝐍𝐰 𝐎𝐳 ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟔 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐍
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐱 𝐇𝐲 𝐍𝐰 𝐎𝐳
𝐦𝐎𝐳 = 𝐦𝐂𝐱𝐇𝐲 𝐍𝐰𝐎𝐳 − 𝐦𝐂𝐱 − 𝐦𝐇𝐲 − 𝐦𝐍𝐰 Despejando
Sustituyendo los valores calculados
𝐦𝐎𝐳 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟓𝐠 𝐂𝐱𝐇𝐲𝐍𝐰𝐎𝐳 − 𝟑. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟑𝐠 𝐂𝐱 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟐𝟖 𝐠 𝐇𝐲 − 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟔 𝐠 𝐍𝐰
𝐦𝐎𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟐 𝐠 𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐱𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐨

Elemento Masa (mg) Moles Relación atómica Fórmula Mínima
𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟐. 𝟑 𝐦𝐠 𝐂 𝟑𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐂
C 3912.3 mg 𝐦𝐠 = 𝟑𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐂 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟕 ≈ 𝟖
𝟏𝟐 ⁄𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐎
𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟐𝟖 𝐦𝐠 𝐇 𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟐𝟖 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐇
H 243.28 mg 𝐦𝐠 = 𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟐𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐇 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟓 ≈ 𝟔 𝐂𝟖 𝐇𝟔 𝐍𝟐 𝐎
𝟏 ⁄𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐎
𝟔𝟓𝟑. 𝟖𝟐 𝐦𝐠 𝐎 𝐠
= 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐎 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐎 𝐌𝐌𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔 ⁄𝐦𝐨𝐥
O 653.82 mg 𝐦𝐠 =𝟏=𝟏
𝟏𝟔 ⁄𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐎
𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝐦𝐠 𝐍 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐍
N 1140.615 mg 𝐦𝐠 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐍 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟗 ≈ 𝟐
𝟏𝟒 ⁄𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐎


De la ley de gases ideales: Relación de Masas Moleculares: FÓRMULA REAL
𝐚𝐭𝐦 𝐋 𝐠
𝐦 𝐑 𝐓 (𝟗𝐠) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐊) (𝟒𝟐𝟎𝐊) 𝐠 𝐌𝐌𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 146.09 𝐦𝐨𝐥 Fórmula Real: Fórmula Mínima x RM
𝐌𝐌𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 = = = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟎𝟗 RM = = = 1.0
𝐏𝐕 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟖 𝐚𝐭𝐦) (𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝐋) 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐠
𝐌𝐌𝐦𝐢𝐧 146 𝐦𝐨𝐥 ൣ𝐂𝟖 𝐇𝟔 𝐍𝟐 𝐎൧ × 1 = 𝐂𝟖 𝐇𝟔 𝐍𝟐 𝐎
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