NR 511 EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub.
Which condition do you rule out?
1.Peritonitis.
2.A liver or spleen abscess.
3.A liver or spleen metastatic tumor.
4.Irritable bowel syndrome. Answer: IBS
rationale: IBS does not produce a friction rub
◉ You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to
avoid. You know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she
can have:
1. Yogurt.
2.Foods containing whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
4.Oranges. Answer: Foods containing whey
,rationale: Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods
containing whey. Whey is a lactose-rich ingredient found in some foods,
so clients who are lactose intolerant need to read labels on all foods. To
control symptoms, dietary lactose should be reduced or restricted by
using lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy products or by eating
lactose-rich foods in small amounts or in combination with low-lactose
or lactose-free foods.
◉ Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel
movement only every third day. You respond:
1."You should have two to three stools per day."
2."You should defecate once a day."
3."You should have at least three stools per week."
4."There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation.". Answer:
There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
rationale: There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation.
Patterns of defecation vary widely and may in part be affected by dietary
habits, fluid intake, bacteria in the stool, psychological stress, or
voluntary postponement of defecation. Defecating every third day could
be the routine pattern for Simon. He should be questioned if this is
routine for him.
◉ Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation
pattern. You evaluate him for:
1.Constipation.
,2.Colorectal cancer.
3.Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.Acute appendicitis. Answer: Colorectal cancer
rationale: A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in
defecation pattern must be evaluated for colorectal cancer
◉ Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose.
What food(s) do you suggest to help thicken the stools?
1.Cheese.
2.Leafy green vegetables.
3.Raw fruits and vegetables.
4.Dried beans. Answer: Cheese
rationale: Cheese, bread, pasta, rice, pretzels, and yogurt all help to
thicken stools.
◉ Tina has a chronic hepatitis C infection. She asks you how to prevent
its transmission. You respond:
1."Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2."Abstain from sex altogether."
3."There is no possibility of transmission through razors or
toothbrushes."
, 4."Abstain from sex during your period.". Answer: Abstain from sex
during your period
rationale: Because the hepatitis C virus is transmitted in blood, including
menstrual blood, clients should abstain from sex during menstruation.
You might also test Tina to see which genotype her hepatitis C is to see
if she is a candidate for Harvoni or Epclusa.
◉ Your client's 2-month-old daughter is admitted with gastroenteritis
and dehydration after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. When the father
asks you what is causing the child's diarrhea, how do you respond?
1."She must be lactose intolerant from the formula, and this is altering
the fluid balance."
2."Her body's telling you that it's time to introduce some solids into her
system."
3."The virus is causing irritation of the gastrointestinal lining, which
causes diarrhea."
4."The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the
balance of water and nutrients.". Answer: "The infectious agent invaded
the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and nutrients."
rationale: In 80% of cases, gastroenteritis is viral in nature. This viral
infection causes diarrhea by stimulating the secretion of electrolytes into
the intestine. This is rapidly followed by water along the osmotic
gradient, resulting in watery stools.
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ You auscultate Julie's abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub.
Which condition do you rule out?
1.Peritonitis.
2.A liver or spleen abscess.
3.A liver or spleen metastatic tumor.
4.Irritable bowel syndrome. Answer: IBS
rationale: IBS does not produce a friction rub
◉ You are counseling Lillian, who is lactose intolerant, about foods to
avoid. You know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she
can have:
1. Yogurt.
2.Foods containing whey.
3.Prehydrolyzed milk.
4.Oranges. Answer: Foods containing whey
,rationale: Advise clients who are lactose intolerant to avoid foods
containing whey. Whey is a lactose-rich ingredient found in some foods,
so clients who are lactose intolerant need to read labels on all foods. To
control symptoms, dietary lactose should be reduced or restricted by
using lactose-reduced and lactose-free dairy products or by eating
lactose-rich foods in small amounts or in combination with low-lactose
or lactose-free foods.
◉ Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel
movement only every third day. You respond:
1."You should have two to three stools per day."
2."You should defecate once a day."
3."You should have at least three stools per week."
4."There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation.". Answer:
There is no such thing as a normal pattern of defecation
rationale: There is no such thing as a "normal" pattern of defecation.
Patterns of defecation vary widely and may in part be affected by dietary
habits, fluid intake, bacteria in the stool, psychological stress, or
voluntary postponement of defecation. Defecating every third day could
be the routine pattern for Simon. He should be questioned if this is
routine for him.
◉ Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation
pattern. You evaluate him for:
1.Constipation.
,2.Colorectal cancer.
3.Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.Acute appendicitis. Answer: Colorectal cancer
rationale: A middle-aged or older client with an abrupt change in
defecation pattern must be evaluated for colorectal cancer
◉ Ruby has a colostomy and complains that her stools are too loose.
What food(s) do you suggest to help thicken the stools?
1.Cheese.
2.Leafy green vegetables.
3.Raw fruits and vegetables.
4.Dried beans. Answer: Cheese
rationale: Cheese, bread, pasta, rice, pretzels, and yogurt all help to
thicken stools.
◉ Tina has a chronic hepatitis C infection. She asks you how to prevent
its transmission. You respond:
1."Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2."Abstain from sex altogether."
3."There is no possibility of transmission through razors or
toothbrushes."
, 4."Abstain from sex during your period.". Answer: Abstain from sex
during your period
rationale: Because the hepatitis C virus is transmitted in blood, including
menstrual blood, clients should abstain from sex during menstruation.
You might also test Tina to see which genotype her hepatitis C is to see
if she is a candidate for Harvoni or Epclusa.
◉ Your client's 2-month-old daughter is admitted with gastroenteritis
and dehydration after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. When the father
asks you what is causing the child's diarrhea, how do you respond?
1."She must be lactose intolerant from the formula, and this is altering
the fluid balance."
2."Her body's telling you that it's time to introduce some solids into her
system."
3."The virus is causing irritation of the gastrointestinal lining, which
causes diarrhea."
4."The infectious agent invaded the stomach lining and is affecting the
balance of water and nutrients.". Answer: "The infectious agent invaded
the stomach lining and is affecting the balance of water and nutrients."
rationale: In 80% of cases, gastroenteritis is viral in nature. This viral
infection causes diarrhea by stimulating the secretion of electrolytes into
the intestine. This is rapidly followed by water along the osmotic
gradient, resulting in watery stools.
