RELS 257 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Expression Theory - ANSWER-Art communicates emotions and feelings
Cognitive Theory - ANSWER-Art communicates ideas and thoughts
Freud - ANSWER-- German psychologist, neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis
- Believes art expresses unconscious feelings and desires
Id (Freud) - ANSWER-Instincts
Ego (Freud) - ANSWER-Reality
Superego (Freud) - ANSWER-Morality
Sublimation - ANSWER--the gratification that substitutes for the actual satisfaction
-believed by Freud
Foucault - ANSWER-- French philosopher, historian, literary critic
- interested in the intersections of knowledge and power
Episteme - ANSWER-unconscious social /historical knowledge for a particular time
period
European Enlightenment - ANSWER-1. Art as an original creation simply to be
appreciated for its own sake apart from context
2. Art becomes associated with beauty
3. Beauty begins to lose its connection to truth
Changes of depictions of Jesus over time - ANSWER-1. The Good Shepherd
2. Greek and Roman Origins
3. Constantine and His Mother
Christ as Pantocrator - ANSWER-Depiction of Christ as All-Powerful; Christ has halo,
HOLY BIBLE, and his hand gestures for teaching,
Hodegetria - ANSWER-"She who shows the way": a depiction of the Virgin Mary,
seated, with the Christ Child at her side, pointing to him as the source of salvation.
Homunculus - ANSWER-a very small human or humanoid creature
, The four noble truths - ANSWER-1. Life is suffering (duhkha)
2. The cause of suffering is desire, we desire permanence
3. The end of all suffering is the cessation of desire
4. There is an 8-fold path that leads to the cessation of suffering
Samsara - ANSWER-(Hinduism and Buddhism) the endless cycle of birth and suffering
and death and rebirth
Nirvana - ANSWER-1. freedom from the ego/self
2. freedom from Samsara
3. freedom from lust, hatred, delusion
Aniconism - ANSWER-The practice of avoiding representation of religious icons in
anthropomorphic form
Figures of Buddhist aniconism - ANSWER-1. empty throne
2. bodhi tree
3. riderless horse with parasol floating above an empty space
Buddhist icons (standard features) - ANSWER-1. Elongated earlobes
2. Ushnisha: pronounced cranial protuberance
3. Urna: Tuft or dot between the eyes
Zen painting - ANSWER-Meditative art associated with asian culture, specifically
Buddism
Wabi-Sabi - ANSWER-appreciating beauty that is imperfect, impermanent, and
incomplete
Kintsugi - ANSWER-Japanese art of repairing broken pottery by mending the areas of
breakage with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold, silver, or platinum leaving a
visible seam
Grand Mosque at Mecca - ANSWER-Muslim pray site that is huge, Ka'ba is the center
stone; composed of minarets (large towers) on the sides of the mosques
- Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year
Kaaba - ANSWER-The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca
Mosque key features - ANSWER-1. minaret
2. minbar
3. mihrab
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Expression Theory - ANSWER-Art communicates emotions and feelings
Cognitive Theory - ANSWER-Art communicates ideas and thoughts
Freud - ANSWER-- German psychologist, neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis
- Believes art expresses unconscious feelings and desires
Id (Freud) - ANSWER-Instincts
Ego (Freud) - ANSWER-Reality
Superego (Freud) - ANSWER-Morality
Sublimation - ANSWER--the gratification that substitutes for the actual satisfaction
-believed by Freud
Foucault - ANSWER-- French philosopher, historian, literary critic
- interested in the intersections of knowledge and power
Episteme - ANSWER-unconscious social /historical knowledge for a particular time
period
European Enlightenment - ANSWER-1. Art as an original creation simply to be
appreciated for its own sake apart from context
2. Art becomes associated with beauty
3. Beauty begins to lose its connection to truth
Changes of depictions of Jesus over time - ANSWER-1. The Good Shepherd
2. Greek and Roman Origins
3. Constantine and His Mother
Christ as Pantocrator - ANSWER-Depiction of Christ as All-Powerful; Christ has halo,
HOLY BIBLE, and his hand gestures for teaching,
Hodegetria - ANSWER-"She who shows the way": a depiction of the Virgin Mary,
seated, with the Christ Child at her side, pointing to him as the source of salvation.
Homunculus - ANSWER-a very small human or humanoid creature
, The four noble truths - ANSWER-1. Life is suffering (duhkha)
2. The cause of suffering is desire, we desire permanence
3. The end of all suffering is the cessation of desire
4. There is an 8-fold path that leads to the cessation of suffering
Samsara - ANSWER-(Hinduism and Buddhism) the endless cycle of birth and suffering
and death and rebirth
Nirvana - ANSWER-1. freedom from the ego/self
2. freedom from Samsara
3. freedom from lust, hatred, delusion
Aniconism - ANSWER-The practice of avoiding representation of religious icons in
anthropomorphic form
Figures of Buddhist aniconism - ANSWER-1. empty throne
2. bodhi tree
3. riderless horse with parasol floating above an empty space
Buddhist icons (standard features) - ANSWER-1. Elongated earlobes
2. Ushnisha: pronounced cranial protuberance
3. Urna: Tuft or dot between the eyes
Zen painting - ANSWER-Meditative art associated with asian culture, specifically
Buddism
Wabi-Sabi - ANSWER-appreciating beauty that is imperfect, impermanent, and
incomplete
Kintsugi - ANSWER-Japanese art of repairing broken pottery by mending the areas of
breakage with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold, silver, or platinum leaving a
visible seam
Grand Mosque at Mecca - ANSWER-Muslim pray site that is huge, Ka'ba is the center
stone; composed of minarets (large towers) on the sides of the mosques
- Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year
Kaaba - ANSWER-The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca
Mosque key features - ANSWER-1. minaret
2. minbar
3. mihrab
