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HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MUSCOSKELETAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
S/s osteoarthritis - correct answer -pain, stiffness, enlargement,
tenderness, limited range of motion and deformity
Rheumatoid arthritis - correct answer -chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease, the prototypical inflammatory
joint disease, affects more women than men
S/s rheumatoid arthritis - correct answer -s/s similar to
osteoarthritis, synovial fluid will be very different, presence of
rheumatoid factors (RF tests), elevated ESR (erythrocyte
sedimentation rate), joint fluid presents with inflammatory
exudate, nodules (necrotic areas) on the bones
Symmetric arthritis - correct answer -morning joint stiffness lasting
at least one hour, swelling of soft tissue around 3 or more joints,
radiographic evidence of erosions in the joints of the hands
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Gout and gouty arthritis - correct answer -abnormal metabolism of
purine nucleotides (adenine, guanine( resulting in accumulation
and elevation or uric acid in the blood and body fluids, which
eventually precipitate and form crystal deposits, triggering the
acute inflammatory response
Hyperuricemia - correct answer -elevation of uric acid in the blood
Tophi (urate crystal granuloma) - correct answer -subcutaneous
nodules that form from crystal deposition
Secondary muscle dysfunction - correct answer -muscular
symptoms arising from a variety of causes, some unrelated to the
muscle itself, i.e. Contractures, stress-induced muscle tension,
disuse atrophy
Physiologic contractures - correct answer -muscle fiber shortening
without an action potential, ie malignant hyperthermia, caused by
a failure of the calcium pump to replace calcium in the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MUSCOSKELETAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
S/s osteoarthritis - correct answer -pain, stiffness, enlargement,
tenderness, limited range of motion and deformity
Rheumatoid arthritis - correct answer -chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease, the prototypical inflammatory
joint disease, affects more women than men
S/s rheumatoid arthritis - correct answer -s/s similar to
osteoarthritis, synovial fluid will be very different, presence of
rheumatoid factors (RF tests), elevated ESR (erythrocyte
sedimentation rate), joint fluid presents with inflammatory
exudate, nodules (necrotic areas) on the bones
Symmetric arthritis - correct answer -morning joint stiffness lasting
at least one hour, swelling of soft tissue around 3 or more joints,
radiographic evidence of erosions in the joints of the hands
, Page | 2
Gout and gouty arthritis - correct answer -abnormal metabolism of
purine nucleotides (adenine, guanine( resulting in accumulation
and elevation or uric acid in the blood and body fluids, which
eventually precipitate and form crystal deposits, triggering the
acute inflammatory response
Hyperuricemia - correct answer -elevation of uric acid in the blood
Tophi (urate crystal granuloma) - correct answer -subcutaneous
nodules that form from crystal deposition
Secondary muscle dysfunction - correct answer -muscular
symptoms arising from a variety of causes, some unrelated to the
muscle itself, i.e. Contractures, stress-induced muscle tension,
disuse atrophy
Physiologic contractures - correct answer -muscle fiber shortening
without an action potential, ie malignant hyperthermia, caused by
a failure of the calcium pump to replace calcium in the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
