POLS 207 EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!

POLS 207 EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!! What is policy liberalism? - Answer- a state's tendency to expand welfare benefits, regulate business, adopt progressive state income taxes, and generally use government to achieve social goals; fits better with moralistic culture Which policies are state/local governments responsible for? - Answer- policies concerning healthcare, health and welfare (biggest 2), transportation, public safety, civil rights, physical environment, and taxation Which policies are the federal government responsible for? - Answer- financial and budgetary matters, through the enumerated power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States What is policy conservatism? - Answer- a state's tendency to limit welfare benefits, deregulate business, keep taxes low, and generally less reliance on government and more reliance on individuals and the marketplace to achieve social goals; fits better with individualistic culture federalism - Answer- way of organizing nation/state/country so that 2 or more levels of gov have authority over the same land and people; shared power; not common; decentralizes power, politics, and power unitary - Answer- centralized power confederation - Answer- decentralized power Why are states called "laboratories of democracy?" - Answer- they can more easily implement new policies than the national government; policy innovators what is nullification? - Answer- theory not practice; states reserve right to invalidate any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional with respect to U.S. Constitution; violates full faith and credit what are enumerated or delegated powers? - Answer- powers specifically given to the federal government in Constitution (Article 1, Section 8); includes power to coin money, declare war, raise and maintain armed forces, and establish a Post Office what are implied powers? - Answer- powers given to Congress that aren't in the constitution; gives Congress the power to do whatever is 'necessary & proper' to carry out expressed powers what is the 10th amendment? - Answer- the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people Marbury v Madison - Answer- (1803) court decision resulted in judicial review McCulloch v. Maryland - Answer- (1819) court decision resulted in implied powers clause why are federal grants-in-aid important? - Answer- they give the state funding to help the population and help the government function and avoid budget deficits; most of it goes to Health and Human Services (45%) what are mandates? - Answer- Mandates direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant (ex: Louisiana drinking age, no highway funds) unfunded mandates - Answer- no money given to states; states despise them because states have a balanced budget funded mandates - Answer- federal gov says state will do something, and they give them the money to do it underfunded mandates - Answer- federal gov gives part of the money, but not enough to enact mandate what is usually contained in state constitutions? - Answer- Bill of Rights -Goes much further than the US Bill of Rights Separation of Powers - Checks and Balances - Legislative, Executive, Judicial Weak Governors - Texas has one of the weakest Legislative Powers Local Governments - US Constitution doesn't mention this - States are free to create and abolish local governments as they see fit - Local Governments are all creations of the states and organize how counties and cities are going to be structured - Unitary Government where all power flows from the Capital in Austin and the state constitution Taxation and Finance - State and local governments are restricted by their own constitution - Local governments are more effected than the state governments - Every government in the country must have a balanced budget except for the federal government. States have a Capital Budget: You can only spend the money if you have it - Texas doesn't raise taxes Debt Limitation - Mostly effects local government - Must have balanced budgets