AP BIOLOGY UNIT 4 TEST QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10o C and 25o
C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas
volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over
several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained. During aerobic cellular
respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is
produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas
consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following? - Answer- A
substance that removes carbon dioxide gas
An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10o C and 25o
C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas
volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over
several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained. According to the data,
the mice at 10o C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than
did the mice at 25o C. This is most likely explained by which of the following
statements? - Answer- The mice at 10o C had a higher rate of ATP production than the
mice at 25o C.
A respirometer is a container used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by an
organism. A respirometer was used to determine how environmental temperature
affects the uptake of oxygen in one 300-gram rat and one 50-gram mouse. The results
of this experiment are shown on the graph below. Which of the following hypotheses is
best supported by the results of this experiment? - Answer- Metabolic rate per gram of
tissue is higher in smaller mammals.
A respirometer is a container used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by an
organism. A respirometer was used to determine how environmental temperature
affects the uptake of oxygen in one 300-gram rat and one 50-gram mouse. The results
of this experiment are shown on the graph below. Which of the following would most
adversely affect the validity of this experiment? - Answer- Large variation in metabolic
rates between individuals of a species
A researcher claims that increasing the environmental temperature by 10°C will double
the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. To test the claim, the researcher designs an
experiment that uses a particular enzyme isolated from plants. The design of the
experiment is presented in Table 1. For each test tube in the experiment, the researcher
, will measure the rate of product formation. Which of the following statements best helps
justify the inclusion of test tube 5 as a control in the experiment? - Answer- It will
provide a measurement of product formation in the presence of a denatured enzyme.
A scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the
amount of product formed over time. The following curve was generated from the data
collected. The rate of the reaction could also be determined by - Answer- measuring the
change in the amount of substrate
Protein digestion in humans is primarily carried out by three enzymes. Pepsin is found
in the stomach (pH2), where it aids in the breakdown of large proteins into smaller
peptides, while trypsin and chymotrypsin are found in the small intestine (pH8), where
they aid in the further breakdown of the proteins into amino acids and dipeptides that
can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Graph 1 shows the effect of pH on the activity
levels of the three enzymes. Which of the following best predicts how the structure and
function of pepsin will change as it enters the small intestine? - Answer- Pepsin will
change in shape because of the basic environment of the small intestine; therefore, its
enzymatic activity will decrease.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-
CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation
of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under
several different conditions (Figure 1). Which of the following best describes the cellular
location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active? - Answer- The
mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-
CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation
of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under
several different conditions (Figure 1). The maximum production rate of acetyl-CoA
under condition 1 is closest to which of the following? - Answer- 1 micromole/sec
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-
CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation
of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under
several different conditions (Figure 1). Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic
disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the α-subunit of the mitochondrial
enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a result of the mutation,
affected individuals build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid. Which of the following
best explains the buildup of lactic acid in individuals with the mutation? - Answer- Cells
undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the
Krebs cycle.
The diagram below shows energy changes in a specific chemical reaction with and
without the addition of an enzyme to the reaction. Which of the following questions can
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10o C and 25o
C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas
volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over
several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained. During aerobic cellular
respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is
produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas
consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following? - Answer- A
substance that removes carbon dioxide gas
An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10o C and 25o
C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas
volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over
several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained. According to the data,
the mice at 10o C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than
did the mice at 25o C. This is most likely explained by which of the following
statements? - Answer- The mice at 10o C had a higher rate of ATP production than the
mice at 25o C.
A respirometer is a container used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by an
organism. A respirometer was used to determine how environmental temperature
affects the uptake of oxygen in one 300-gram rat and one 50-gram mouse. The results
of this experiment are shown on the graph below. Which of the following hypotheses is
best supported by the results of this experiment? - Answer- Metabolic rate per gram of
tissue is higher in smaller mammals.
A respirometer is a container used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by an
organism. A respirometer was used to determine how environmental temperature
affects the uptake of oxygen in one 300-gram rat and one 50-gram mouse. The results
of this experiment are shown on the graph below. Which of the following would most
adversely affect the validity of this experiment? - Answer- Large variation in metabolic
rates between individuals of a species
A researcher claims that increasing the environmental temperature by 10°C will double
the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. To test the claim, the researcher designs an
experiment that uses a particular enzyme isolated from plants. The design of the
experiment is presented in Table 1. For each test tube in the experiment, the researcher
, will measure the rate of product formation. Which of the following statements best helps
justify the inclusion of test tube 5 as a control in the experiment? - Answer- It will
provide a measurement of product formation in the presence of a denatured enzyme.
A scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the
amount of product formed over time. The following curve was generated from the data
collected. The rate of the reaction could also be determined by - Answer- measuring the
change in the amount of substrate
Protein digestion in humans is primarily carried out by three enzymes. Pepsin is found
in the stomach (pH2), where it aids in the breakdown of large proteins into smaller
peptides, while trypsin and chymotrypsin are found in the small intestine (pH8), where
they aid in the further breakdown of the proteins into amino acids and dipeptides that
can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Graph 1 shows the effect of pH on the activity
levels of the three enzymes. Which of the following best predicts how the structure and
function of pepsin will change as it enters the small intestine? - Answer- Pepsin will
change in shape because of the basic environment of the small intestine; therefore, its
enzymatic activity will decrease.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-
CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation
of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under
several different conditions (Figure 1). Which of the following best describes the cellular
location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active? - Answer- The
mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-
CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation
of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under
several different conditions (Figure 1). The maximum production rate of acetyl-CoA
under condition 1 is closest to which of the following? - Answer- 1 micromole/sec
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-
CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation
of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under
several different conditions (Figure 1). Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic
disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the α-subunit of the mitochondrial
enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a result of the mutation,
affected individuals build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid. Which of the following
best explains the buildup of lactic acid in individuals with the mutation? - Answer- Cells
undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the
Krebs cycle.
The diagram below shows energy changes in a specific chemical reaction with and
without the addition of an enzyme to the reaction. Which of the following questions can
