HEALTH RESEARCH METHODS FINAL QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2025/2026
Health-care advances, in the later half or the 20th century, have produced wonderful
improvements for humanity but are not without challenges and complexities. Outcomes
Management is a highly complex and dynamic aspect of public health that directly or indirectly
influences all aspects of the health-care system with the goal of promoting universal health-care
improvements. Restated, outcomes management aims to provide for the best patient-centered
health-outcomes for all concerns parties. It considers the three asset modes (broad parts) of
the health care system: the facilities/'O'rganizations, the 'P'rocess of providing health-care, and
the 'P'atients. Each asset mode has inherent and an intertwined triangle of 'O'verarching forces,
ambiguous domains (features and 'P'ractices), and changing needs of the 'P'opulation (the OPP
triangle). Each asset mode is composed of several target domains that require ongoing optimi -
Answers manage
T/F: The goal of outcomes research is to measure tangible events experienced by the patient in
order to better manage healthcare services. - Answers True
T/F: The intent of healthcare outcomes research is to identify shortfalls in practice and to
develop strategies to improve care. Outcomes research is applied to clinical and population
based research that seeks to study and optimize the end results of healthcare in terms of
benefits to the patient and society. - Answers True
T/F: The proximal goal of measuring outcomes is to collect unstructured data needed to
evaluate and improve the overall quality of health care. - Answers False
T/F: Paul Ellwood's 1988 Shattuck Lecture coined the term "outcomes management" to
describe a scenario where patient care would be driven by 'detailed analysis' of how similar
patients fared after identical treatments. - Answers False
T/F: The science of measuring and analyzing the successes and failures of various aspects of
healthcare system, that takes into account patient's experiences, preferences and values has
come to be known as the outcomes research. - Answers True
T/F: Outcomes research examines parameters of success and failure, beyond direct
physiological markers, which include measurement of symptoms, functional status, satisfaction
with treatment, quality of life, and direct/indirect healthcare costs. - Answers True
T/F: The proximal goal of outcomes research should identify practice shortfalls that point to
strategies to improve care. - Answers True
Which group, among the following is NOT primarily concerned with management of outcomes? -
Answers None of the above because ALL those groups are concerned
The basic steps to outcomes management includes identification of all of the following,
, EXCEPT: - Answers Realizing the indirect costs associated with outcome research protocols
T/F: Most designs for outcomes research are retrospective review of records (medical or
administrative/economical) or prospective case-controlled observations (surveys). - Answers
True
T/F: In outcomes research, use of historic medical record data includes examination care
received, conditions encountered, complications of procedures, contraindications to diagnostics
or treatments. - Answers True
T/F: In outcomes research, use of administrative data includes insurance claims, enrollment
files, aligns well with real-world scenarios and is heavy laden with patient and provider biases. -
Answers False
Which of the following is of significant or major concern regarding the use of administrative
data in outcomes research realm? - Answers Clinical details and coding
Which of the following statements about healthcare research is NOT true? - Answers Informed
patients are unlikely to judge the results of treatments and provided services
From a healthcare perspective, the middle third of the twentieth century has been called the ____
__ _____, because of the rapid growth of facilities, technologies, providers, access to healthcare
and the increased availability of third-party payer coverage. - Answers Era of expansion
During the later part of the twentieth century, increased healthcare costs were predominantly
attributed to the increasing volume and intensity of healthcare services provided and to a lesser
extent, the price of particular treatments or diagnostics. This period is referred to as the
___________ . - Answers Era of cost containment
Which of the following are NOT constructs in Donabedian's Theory of Appraising Quality? -
Answers Healthcare management does not consider credentialing, training, and qualifications in
process evaluations
Donnabedian originally held that that there were 3 levels or constructs for evaluation of
healthcare quality and these include all of the following EXCEPT the: - Answers Payers of care
Attributes of patient-centered healthcare quality include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Answers
Fashion
With regard to healthcare management, it was noted that as healthcare costs increased, there
was wide geographical variation in the medical services available and provided that was
unaccompanied by discernible quality of healthcare services provided or discernible differences
in the results of the interventions. - Answers True
Geographic variations in the medical services provided and the outcomes realized from various
interventions caused healthcare regulators to repeatedly question the indications for choosing a
UPDATE 2025/2026
Health-care advances, in the later half or the 20th century, have produced wonderful
improvements for humanity but are not without challenges and complexities. Outcomes
Management is a highly complex and dynamic aspect of public health that directly or indirectly
influences all aspects of the health-care system with the goal of promoting universal health-care
improvements. Restated, outcomes management aims to provide for the best patient-centered
health-outcomes for all concerns parties. It considers the three asset modes (broad parts) of
the health care system: the facilities/'O'rganizations, the 'P'rocess of providing health-care, and
the 'P'atients. Each asset mode has inherent and an intertwined triangle of 'O'verarching forces,
ambiguous domains (features and 'P'ractices), and changing needs of the 'P'opulation (the OPP
triangle). Each asset mode is composed of several target domains that require ongoing optimi -
Answers manage
T/F: The goal of outcomes research is to measure tangible events experienced by the patient in
order to better manage healthcare services. - Answers True
T/F: The intent of healthcare outcomes research is to identify shortfalls in practice and to
develop strategies to improve care. Outcomes research is applied to clinical and population
based research that seeks to study and optimize the end results of healthcare in terms of
benefits to the patient and society. - Answers True
T/F: The proximal goal of measuring outcomes is to collect unstructured data needed to
evaluate and improve the overall quality of health care. - Answers False
T/F: Paul Ellwood's 1988 Shattuck Lecture coined the term "outcomes management" to
describe a scenario where patient care would be driven by 'detailed analysis' of how similar
patients fared after identical treatments. - Answers False
T/F: The science of measuring and analyzing the successes and failures of various aspects of
healthcare system, that takes into account patient's experiences, preferences and values has
come to be known as the outcomes research. - Answers True
T/F: Outcomes research examines parameters of success and failure, beyond direct
physiological markers, which include measurement of symptoms, functional status, satisfaction
with treatment, quality of life, and direct/indirect healthcare costs. - Answers True
T/F: The proximal goal of outcomes research should identify practice shortfalls that point to
strategies to improve care. - Answers True
Which group, among the following is NOT primarily concerned with management of outcomes? -
Answers None of the above because ALL those groups are concerned
The basic steps to outcomes management includes identification of all of the following,
, EXCEPT: - Answers Realizing the indirect costs associated with outcome research protocols
T/F: Most designs for outcomes research are retrospective review of records (medical or
administrative/economical) or prospective case-controlled observations (surveys). - Answers
True
T/F: In outcomes research, use of historic medical record data includes examination care
received, conditions encountered, complications of procedures, contraindications to diagnostics
or treatments. - Answers True
T/F: In outcomes research, use of administrative data includes insurance claims, enrollment
files, aligns well with real-world scenarios and is heavy laden with patient and provider biases. -
Answers False
Which of the following is of significant or major concern regarding the use of administrative
data in outcomes research realm? - Answers Clinical details and coding
Which of the following statements about healthcare research is NOT true? - Answers Informed
patients are unlikely to judge the results of treatments and provided services
From a healthcare perspective, the middle third of the twentieth century has been called the ____
__ _____, because of the rapid growth of facilities, technologies, providers, access to healthcare
and the increased availability of third-party payer coverage. - Answers Era of expansion
During the later part of the twentieth century, increased healthcare costs were predominantly
attributed to the increasing volume and intensity of healthcare services provided and to a lesser
extent, the price of particular treatments or diagnostics. This period is referred to as the
___________ . - Answers Era of cost containment
Which of the following are NOT constructs in Donabedian's Theory of Appraising Quality? -
Answers Healthcare management does not consider credentialing, training, and qualifications in
process evaluations
Donnabedian originally held that that there were 3 levels or constructs for evaluation of
healthcare quality and these include all of the following EXCEPT the: - Answers Payers of care
Attributes of patient-centered healthcare quality include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Answers
Fashion
With regard to healthcare management, it was noted that as healthcare costs increased, there
was wide geographical variation in the medical services available and provided that was
unaccompanied by discernible quality of healthcare services provided or discernible differences
in the results of the interventions. - Answers True
Geographic variations in the medical services provided and the outcomes realized from various
interventions caused healthcare regulators to repeatedly question the indications for choosing a
