BIOLOGY 102 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the electroporation? - Answer- Produced in the kidney and is that hormones
that stimulates production of the red blood cells
What is adaptive immunity? - Answer- You're immune response that develops after
exposure cell mediated response to a foreign substance.
What is the process of blood clotting? - Answer- (Upon the introduction of cells,
particularly crushed or injured tissue, blood coagulation is activated and a fibrin clot is
rapidly formed. The thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin) Prothrombin activator is a
complex of a dozen blood coagulation factors that functions in catalyzing prothrombin
into thrombin. Prothrombin activator is released in the body by a cascade of chemical
reactions in response to damage in a blood vessel.
Activation mechanism
Prothrombin mechanism
What is peristalsis? - Answer- The process of contractions of smooth muscles, to move
food (food is pushed along by peristalsis rhythmic contractions of muscles in the wall of
the canal )the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscle of the intestine or
another canal creating wave like movements that push the contents of the canal
forward.
What is Digestion? - Answer- Is the process of breaking food down into molecules small
enough to absorb.
The process of breaking down food mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary
canal into substances that can be used by the body
What are the main stages of food processing? - Answer- Ingestion, digestion,
absorption, elimination
What is absorption? - Answer- Is uptake by nutrients by body cells
The process of action by which one thing absorbed by another.
Which of the following blood vessels carried deoxygenated blood in human adults - -
Answer- The pulmonary arteries
,In countercurrent exchange of respiratory gases- - Answer- The flow of fluids in
opposite direction maintains a favorable diffusion gradient along the length of an
exchange surface.
In which vessel is the blood pressure the highest - - Answer- Aorta
In which vessel is the velocity of blood flow the lowest - - Answer- Pulmonary capillaries
Which had the thickest muscle layers - - Answer- Left ventricle
Exchange between the blood and the tissues of the body occurs in- - Answer-
Capillaries
Which of the following processes would tend to reduce the blood supply to a capillary
bed - - Answer- Release of endothelin
Which of the following vessels would you expect to find valves - - Answer- Veins and
lymph vessels
Which vitamins are fat soluble ? - Answer- A,D,E, K
Which vitamins are water soluble ? - Answer- B and C
Which minerals are important for preventing anemia ? - Answer- Iron - iron is
considered an essential mineral because it is needed to make hemoglobin a part of
blood cells. ( body needs iron to make hemoglobin and healthy red blood cells)
A deficiency of iron beings which diseases? - Answer- Anemia -
Blood is moved through the veins - - Answer- By smooth muscles contractions, skeletal
muscle contractions, and expansion of vena cava with inhalation.
Why is the folic acid important during the pregnancy? - Answer- Prevent the spine
(spina bifida)
And prevent some birth defects of the baby's brain (anencephaly)
What is ingestion? - Answer- The act of eating, or feeding
The process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or
absorbing
Salivary amylase digest what and breaks down what ? - Answer- Enzymes in saliva and
breaks down carbohydrates into smaller molecules like sugars (starch) digests starchy
foods.
Major activities in the stomach? - Answer- 1. Mechanical digestion 2. Hydrochloride acid
secretion 3. Mucus secretion (prevents lining of stomach)
, What is pepsin? - Answer- The chief enzymes in the stomach which breaks down
proteins into polypeptides (is a digestive enzyme that is released into the stomach as
pepsinogen...) pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in
ingested food. Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive pepsinogen.
What is the gastric juice made up of hydrochloric acid ? - Answer- Gastric juice is
hydrochloric acid produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands in the stomach.
After we eat the stomach stimulates what? - Answer- Gastric stimulates the stomach to
release gastric acid. This allows the stomach to break down proteins swallowed as food
and absorb certain vitamins. This allows to break down proteins which convert this
hormone responds to the acidity of the chyme-
Chyme- - Answer- The pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small
intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
What is the main function of stomach acidity? - Answer- Stomach secretions are made
up of hydrochloric acid, several enzymes, and a mucus coating that protects the lining
of your stomach. Hydrochloric acid helps your body to break down, digest, and absorb
nutrients such as protein. It also eliminates bacteria and viruses in the stomach,
protecting your body from infection
Where does bile salt come from and function? - Answer- Made in the liver and stored in
gallbladder (bile helps with digestion) Bile salts break down larger fat globules in food
into small droplets of fat take place in the small intestine.
What is hypoglycemia? - Answer- Lower blood glucose levels
What disease is obesity most linked to ? - Answer- Cardiovascular, and diabetes type 2
What is pharynx and what is it connected to ? - Answer- Hollow tube that starts behind
the nose, goes down the neck and ends at the top of trachea and esophagus.
Commonly called the throat and pipe that covers down the trachea that occurs during
swallowing
What is Epiglottis? - Answer- An important small flap of tissue called epiglottis
Prevents from going to the respiratory system. Is the junction that opens to both the
esophagus and the trachea (preventing food from going down the wrong way)
What is the function of the cells in the lungs and gut? - Answer- Once in the lungs
oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in
your body oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide
Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed
from the bloodstream
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the electroporation? - Answer- Produced in the kidney and is that hormones
that stimulates production of the red blood cells
What is adaptive immunity? - Answer- You're immune response that develops after
exposure cell mediated response to a foreign substance.
What is the process of blood clotting? - Answer- (Upon the introduction of cells,
particularly crushed or injured tissue, blood coagulation is activated and a fibrin clot is
rapidly formed. The thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin) Prothrombin activator is a
complex of a dozen blood coagulation factors that functions in catalyzing prothrombin
into thrombin. Prothrombin activator is released in the body by a cascade of chemical
reactions in response to damage in a blood vessel.
Activation mechanism
Prothrombin mechanism
What is peristalsis? - Answer- The process of contractions of smooth muscles, to move
food (food is pushed along by peristalsis rhythmic contractions of muscles in the wall of
the canal )the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscle of the intestine or
another canal creating wave like movements that push the contents of the canal
forward.
What is Digestion? - Answer- Is the process of breaking food down into molecules small
enough to absorb.
The process of breaking down food mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary
canal into substances that can be used by the body
What are the main stages of food processing? - Answer- Ingestion, digestion,
absorption, elimination
What is absorption? - Answer- Is uptake by nutrients by body cells
The process of action by which one thing absorbed by another.
Which of the following blood vessels carried deoxygenated blood in human adults - -
Answer- The pulmonary arteries
,In countercurrent exchange of respiratory gases- - Answer- The flow of fluids in
opposite direction maintains a favorable diffusion gradient along the length of an
exchange surface.
In which vessel is the blood pressure the highest - - Answer- Aorta
In which vessel is the velocity of blood flow the lowest - - Answer- Pulmonary capillaries
Which had the thickest muscle layers - - Answer- Left ventricle
Exchange between the blood and the tissues of the body occurs in- - Answer-
Capillaries
Which of the following processes would tend to reduce the blood supply to a capillary
bed - - Answer- Release of endothelin
Which of the following vessels would you expect to find valves - - Answer- Veins and
lymph vessels
Which vitamins are fat soluble ? - Answer- A,D,E, K
Which vitamins are water soluble ? - Answer- B and C
Which minerals are important for preventing anemia ? - Answer- Iron - iron is
considered an essential mineral because it is needed to make hemoglobin a part of
blood cells. ( body needs iron to make hemoglobin and healthy red blood cells)
A deficiency of iron beings which diseases? - Answer- Anemia -
Blood is moved through the veins - - Answer- By smooth muscles contractions, skeletal
muscle contractions, and expansion of vena cava with inhalation.
Why is the folic acid important during the pregnancy? - Answer- Prevent the spine
(spina bifida)
And prevent some birth defects of the baby's brain (anencephaly)
What is ingestion? - Answer- The act of eating, or feeding
The process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or
absorbing
Salivary amylase digest what and breaks down what ? - Answer- Enzymes in saliva and
breaks down carbohydrates into smaller molecules like sugars (starch) digests starchy
foods.
Major activities in the stomach? - Answer- 1. Mechanical digestion 2. Hydrochloride acid
secretion 3. Mucus secretion (prevents lining of stomach)
, What is pepsin? - Answer- The chief enzymes in the stomach which breaks down
proteins into polypeptides (is a digestive enzyme that is released into the stomach as
pepsinogen...) pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in
ingested food. Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive pepsinogen.
What is the gastric juice made up of hydrochloric acid ? - Answer- Gastric juice is
hydrochloric acid produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands in the stomach.
After we eat the stomach stimulates what? - Answer- Gastric stimulates the stomach to
release gastric acid. This allows the stomach to break down proteins swallowed as food
and absorb certain vitamins. This allows to break down proteins which convert this
hormone responds to the acidity of the chyme-
Chyme- - Answer- The pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small
intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
What is the main function of stomach acidity? - Answer- Stomach secretions are made
up of hydrochloric acid, several enzymes, and a mucus coating that protects the lining
of your stomach. Hydrochloric acid helps your body to break down, digest, and absorb
nutrients such as protein. It also eliminates bacteria and viruses in the stomach,
protecting your body from infection
Where does bile salt come from and function? - Answer- Made in the liver and stored in
gallbladder (bile helps with digestion) Bile salts break down larger fat globules in food
into small droplets of fat take place in the small intestine.
What is hypoglycemia? - Answer- Lower blood glucose levels
What disease is obesity most linked to ? - Answer- Cardiovascular, and diabetes type 2
What is pharynx and what is it connected to ? - Answer- Hollow tube that starts behind
the nose, goes down the neck and ends at the top of trachea and esophagus.
Commonly called the throat and pipe that covers down the trachea that occurs during
swallowing
What is Epiglottis? - Answer- An important small flap of tissue called epiglottis
Prevents from going to the respiratory system. Is the junction that opens to both the
esophagus and the trachea (preventing food from going down the wrong way)
What is the function of the cells in the lungs and gut? - Answer- Once in the lungs
oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in
your body oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide
Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed
from the bloodstream
