NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Questions
and Answers17
Etiology and Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWERSMalignant transformation of
lymphocytes, no Reed-Sternberg cells
Caused by immunosuppression, AIDS, Hep C, EBV, post transplantation
CM of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWERSGeneralized lymphadenopathy
Late stages bring fever, night sweats, weight loss
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) - ANSWERSMarked by >30% lymphoblasts in blood or
marrow
Most common in children
Survival rate decreases with age
CM: fever, pallor, bleeding, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, infection, joint pain, splenomegaly,
hepatomegaly, night sweats, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, ecchymosis
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWERSMarked by proliferation of immature myeloid
cells, decreased apoptosis, and lack of cellular differentiation
Most common in adults
Remission is inversely related to age
CM: fever, pallor, bleeding, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, infection, joint pain, splenomegaly,
hepatomegaly, night sweats, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, ecchymosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSWERSMalignant transformation of B-lymphocytes
Increased occurrence over 40
,Survival 10yrs or longer
CM: suppression of humoral immunity, increased infections
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANSWERSPresence of Philadelphia chromosome
Increased occurrence over 40
Bone marrow transplant may be curative
CM: splenomegal (most common), hepatomegaly, hyperuricemia, infection, fever, weight loss
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWERScan use urine, saliva, or serum (most
accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWERSCellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood
vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWERSCauses vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow
to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWERSSoluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive
resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWERSReleased when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory
process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition
for singular.
, Prostaglandins - ANSWERSReleased when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the
arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWERSBiochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWERSPredominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute
inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWERSBecome macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for
presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWERSCauses fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWERSStimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes
growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWERSCauses fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins
by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWERSPromotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - ANSWERSFunctions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWERSConverted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it
increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
and Answers17
Etiology and Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWERSMalignant transformation of
lymphocytes, no Reed-Sternberg cells
Caused by immunosuppression, AIDS, Hep C, EBV, post transplantation
CM of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWERSGeneralized lymphadenopathy
Late stages bring fever, night sweats, weight loss
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) - ANSWERSMarked by >30% lymphoblasts in blood or
marrow
Most common in children
Survival rate decreases with age
CM: fever, pallor, bleeding, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, infection, joint pain, splenomegaly,
hepatomegaly, night sweats, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, ecchymosis
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWERSMarked by proliferation of immature myeloid
cells, decreased apoptosis, and lack of cellular differentiation
Most common in adults
Remission is inversely related to age
CM: fever, pallor, bleeding, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, infection, joint pain, splenomegaly,
hepatomegaly, night sweats, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, ecchymosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSWERSMalignant transformation of B-lymphocytes
Increased occurrence over 40
,Survival 10yrs or longer
CM: suppression of humoral immunity, increased infections
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANSWERSPresence of Philadelphia chromosome
Increased occurrence over 40
Bone marrow transplant may be curative
CM: splenomegal (most common), hepatomegaly, hyperuricemia, infection, fever, weight loss
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWERScan use urine, saliva, or serum (most
accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWERSCellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood
vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWERSCauses vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow
to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWERSSoluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive
resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWERSReleased when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory
process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition
for singular.
, Prostaglandins - ANSWERSReleased when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the
arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWERSBiochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWERSPredominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute
inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWERSBecome macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for
presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWERSCauses fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWERSStimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes
growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWERSCauses fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins
by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWERSPromotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - ANSWERSFunctions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWERSConverted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it
increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
