BTEC Science 2025-2026: Key Concepts in
Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Energy, and
Scientific Methods
What is a hypothesis? - An Idea that you can test using practical experiments
What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? - A good Hypothesis must:
Be able to be tested scientifically
Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable
What is a Null Hypothesis? - States that there is no relationship or causality, for example, no
relation between the temperature and the rate of reaction.
What does qualitative data refer to? - It refers to the appearance or value of something, such
as the colour observed or whether the bubbles are produced.
What does Quantitative data refer to? - It refers to numerical measurements made, such as the
volumes and times measured.
What is SOP? - The Standard Operating Procedure. This is an established procedure or
method used to carry out a routine activity. It ensures consistent results every time.
What are some examples of SOPs? - Titration, Handling of chemicals, disposal of waste,
qualitative analytical tests, preparing solutions
What are risk assessments? - It identifies hazards, evaluates the risks associated with those
hazards and it determines ways to eliminate or control those risks.
, What is a Hazard? - When the equipment or substance can cause harm, for example a hot
plate or hydrochloric acid
What is a risk? - The harm that the hazard could cause and the chances of it happening, for
example the risk of using a hot plate is getting burnt.
What is the independent variable? - The variables you change during an
investigation.
What is the Dependent variable? - The variables you are investigating and measure during an
investigation.
What is the control variable? - The variables you keep constant during an
investigation.
What should a method be? - A step-by-step set of instructions, Be logically ordered, allows
you to take sensible measurements, and allows you to test your hypothesis.
When planning your method what do you need to make sure? - That it will procedure a range
of results, reliable results, precise results, and accurate results.
What are some types of data? - The data can be continuous such as the age of plant ir number
of plants. Some data can be a mixture of numbers and names such as the number of different
types of plants found in a garden.
What data is normally displayed on a bar chart? - Continuous data. You need to make sure its
a smooth curve of best fit, and that the curve goes through or near most of the
points.
Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Energy, and
Scientific Methods
What is a hypothesis? - An Idea that you can test using practical experiments
What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? - A good Hypothesis must:
Be able to be tested scientifically
Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable
What is a Null Hypothesis? - States that there is no relationship or causality, for example, no
relation between the temperature and the rate of reaction.
What does qualitative data refer to? - It refers to the appearance or value of something, such
as the colour observed or whether the bubbles are produced.
What does Quantitative data refer to? - It refers to numerical measurements made, such as the
volumes and times measured.
What is SOP? - The Standard Operating Procedure. This is an established procedure or
method used to carry out a routine activity. It ensures consistent results every time.
What are some examples of SOPs? - Titration, Handling of chemicals, disposal of waste,
qualitative analytical tests, preparing solutions
What are risk assessments? - It identifies hazards, evaluates the risks associated with those
hazards and it determines ways to eliminate or control those risks.
, What is a Hazard? - When the equipment or substance can cause harm, for example a hot
plate or hydrochloric acid
What is a risk? - The harm that the hazard could cause and the chances of it happening, for
example the risk of using a hot plate is getting burnt.
What is the independent variable? - The variables you change during an
investigation.
What is the Dependent variable? - The variables you are investigating and measure during an
investigation.
What is the control variable? - The variables you keep constant during an
investigation.
What should a method be? - A step-by-step set of instructions, Be logically ordered, allows
you to take sensible measurements, and allows you to test your hypothesis.
When planning your method what do you need to make sure? - That it will procedure a range
of results, reliable results, precise results, and accurate results.
What are some types of data? - The data can be continuous such as the age of plant ir number
of plants. Some data can be a mixture of numbers and names such as the number of different
types of plants found in a garden.
What data is normally displayed on a bar chart? - Continuous data. You need to make sure its
a smooth curve of best fit, and that the curve goes through or near most of the
points.
