FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Minimum urine output for adult - ANS 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANS - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - ANS - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANS - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - ANS - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the
tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - ANS - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - ANS - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes
(urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
replacement therapy - ANS - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
isotonic fluids - ANS - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - ANS - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, - 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - ANS - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids - ANS - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood - ANS - not a risk free fluid replacement
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Minimum urine output for adult - ANS 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANS - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - ANS - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANS - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - ANS - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the
tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - ANS - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - ANS - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes
(urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
replacement therapy - ANS - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
isotonic fluids - ANS - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - ANS - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, - 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - ANS - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids - ANS - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood - ANS - not a risk free fluid replacement
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
