Fundamentals of Nursing
5 vital signs - ANS - respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
\6 classes of nutrients - ANS - supply energy: carbs, proteins, lipids
regulate body processes: vitamins, minerals, water
\ACE inhibitors - ANS - to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease
circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production
\active exercise - ANS - the patient independently moves joints through their full range
of motion (isotonic exercise)
\acute illness - ANS - rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples:
cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
\acute pain - ANS - rapid in onset, varies in intensity and duration, protective in nature
\acute wound - ANS - usually heal within days to weeks
\afferent nervous system conveys info to the - ANS - CNS; going to your brain
\Aims of Nursing - ANS - 1. To promote health
2. To prevent illness
3. To restore health
4. To facilitate coping with disability or death
\albumin normal lab values - ANS - 3.5-5
\anuria - ANS - 24-hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut down or
renal failure
\apnea - ANS - periods when no breathing occurs
\assessing blood pressure - ANS - -listening for korotkoff sounds w/ stethoscope
-first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
\autonomy - ANS - respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
\average blood pressure for healthy adult - ANS - 120/80
\axillary temp - ANS - 36.5 C, 97.7 F
\beneficence - ANS - benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms
\beta-adrenergic blockers - ANS - to block sympathetic stimulation and decrease
cardiac output
\body mechanics - ANS - the use of proper body positions to provide protection from the
stress of movement and activity
\bradypnea - ANS - decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic conditions
\carbs - ANS - -sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-lactose is an animal source
, -most abundant and least expensive
-classified as simple or complex sugars
-converted to glucose for transport through blood
-50-100g needed daily to prevent ketosis
\chronic illness - ANS - slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
\chronic pain - ANS - pain that may be limited, intermittent, or persistent but that lasts
beyond the normal healing period
\chronic wound - ANS - do not progress through stages of healing; healing impeded
\Clara Barton - ANS - established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed
union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
\cleaning a pressure ulcer - ANS - clean w/ each dressing change, gentle motions
(patting), use 0.9% normal saline solution to irrigate and clean, report any drainage or
necrotic tissue
\closed drainage system - ANS - -Jackson-pratt drain
-hemovac drain
may be connected to an electrical suction or built-in reservoir
\closed wound - ANS - results from a blow, force, or strain caused by trauma such as a
fall, an assault, or motor vehicle crash
\color classification of open wounds - ANS - -R: red-protect
-Y: yellow-cleanse
-B: black-debride
-mixed wound: contains components of RY&B wounds
\colostomy - ANS - permits formed feces in the colon to exit through the stoma
\constipation - ANS - dry, hard stool; persistently difficult passage of stool; incomplete
passage of stool
\coping with disability and death - ANS - nurses use optimal function of maximum
strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families
and patients during end-of-life care, hospice
\debridement - ANS - removal of devitalized tissue and foreign material
\deductive reasoning - ANS - examines a general idea and then considers specific
actions or ideas
\Dehiscence - ANS - Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
\desiccation - ANS - dehydration
\dialysis - ANS - a mechanical way of filtering waste from the blood
\diffusion - ANS - exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of lungs
and circulating blood
\direct studies - ANS - going inside the body ex. colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
5 vital signs - ANS - respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
\6 classes of nutrients - ANS - supply energy: carbs, proteins, lipids
regulate body processes: vitamins, minerals, water
\ACE inhibitors - ANS - to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease
circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production
\active exercise - ANS - the patient independently moves joints through their full range
of motion (isotonic exercise)
\acute illness - ANS - rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples:
cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
\acute pain - ANS - rapid in onset, varies in intensity and duration, protective in nature
\acute wound - ANS - usually heal within days to weeks
\afferent nervous system conveys info to the - ANS - CNS; going to your brain
\Aims of Nursing - ANS - 1. To promote health
2. To prevent illness
3. To restore health
4. To facilitate coping with disability or death
\albumin normal lab values - ANS - 3.5-5
\anuria - ANS - 24-hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut down or
renal failure
\apnea - ANS - periods when no breathing occurs
\assessing blood pressure - ANS - -listening for korotkoff sounds w/ stethoscope
-first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
\autonomy - ANS - respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
\average blood pressure for healthy adult - ANS - 120/80
\axillary temp - ANS - 36.5 C, 97.7 F
\beneficence - ANS - benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms
\beta-adrenergic blockers - ANS - to block sympathetic stimulation and decrease
cardiac output
\body mechanics - ANS - the use of proper body positions to provide protection from the
stress of movement and activity
\bradypnea - ANS - decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic conditions
\carbs - ANS - -sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-lactose is an animal source
, -most abundant and least expensive
-classified as simple or complex sugars
-converted to glucose for transport through blood
-50-100g needed daily to prevent ketosis
\chronic illness - ANS - slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
\chronic pain - ANS - pain that may be limited, intermittent, or persistent but that lasts
beyond the normal healing period
\chronic wound - ANS - do not progress through stages of healing; healing impeded
\Clara Barton - ANS - established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed
union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
\cleaning a pressure ulcer - ANS - clean w/ each dressing change, gentle motions
(patting), use 0.9% normal saline solution to irrigate and clean, report any drainage or
necrotic tissue
\closed drainage system - ANS - -Jackson-pratt drain
-hemovac drain
may be connected to an electrical suction or built-in reservoir
\closed wound - ANS - results from a blow, force, or strain caused by trauma such as a
fall, an assault, or motor vehicle crash
\color classification of open wounds - ANS - -R: red-protect
-Y: yellow-cleanse
-B: black-debride
-mixed wound: contains components of RY&B wounds
\colostomy - ANS - permits formed feces in the colon to exit through the stoma
\constipation - ANS - dry, hard stool; persistently difficult passage of stool; incomplete
passage of stool
\coping with disability and death - ANS - nurses use optimal function of maximum
strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families
and patients during end-of-life care, hospice
\debridement - ANS - removal of devitalized tissue and foreign material
\deductive reasoning - ANS - examines a general idea and then considers specific
actions or ideas
\Dehiscence - ANS - Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
\desiccation - ANS - dehydration
\dialysis - ANS - a mechanical way of filtering waste from the blood
\diffusion - ANS - exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of lungs
and circulating blood
\direct studies - ANS - going inside the body ex. colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
