BIOS 255: Week 2 - The Cardiovascular System: Heart
1. Which membrane type lines Serous membrane
internal cavities and covers or-
gan surfaces? Serous membranes are double-layered membranes that line
and cover body cavities and organs. Examples include the
Mucous membrane pleura of the lungs, the peritoneum of the abdomen, and the
Serous membrane pericardium of the heart.
Synovial membrane Mucous membranes are found lining tracts that are exposed to
Cutaneous membrane the external environment such as the digestive tract. Synovial
membranes are found within joint cavities and secrete synovial
fluid to lubricate joints. The cutaneous membrane is the skin.
2. Which statement regarding The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to organs.
the heart chambers is correct
? The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, while
the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from all over the
The left ventricle is responsi- body. The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary
ble for pumping blood to or- trunk en route to the lungs for reoxygenation.
gans.
The left atrium receives de-
oxygenated blood from the
body.
The right atrium receives
oxygenated blood from the
lungs.
The right ventricle pumps oxy-
genated blood to the lungs.
3. What are the characteristics of Involuntary
cardiac muscle tissue? Select Intercalated discs
all that apply. Striated
Found in heart wall
Involuntary
, BIOS 255: Week 2 - The Cardiovascular System: Heart
Intercalated discs Cardiac muscle tissue is striated, found only in the heart walls,
Voluntary and is under involuntary control. This type of tissue also contains
Striated intercalated discs, which have cell junctions to hold cardiac cells
Nonstriated together and allow for communication.
Found in heart wall Smooth muscle is found in hollow organs and is nonstriated.
Found in hollow organs Skeletal muscle is the only muscle tissue type that is under
voluntary (or conscious) control
4. What is the name of the Visceral pericardium
serous membrane lining the
outer surface of the heart? The visceral pericardium closely adheres to the surface of the
heart, forming the outermost layer of the heart that we also call
Visceral pericardium the epicardium.
Endocardium The parietal pericardium lines the inside of the fibrous peri-
Myocardium cardium, which is the outer surface of the pericardial sac. The
Fibrous pericardium endocardium and myocardium are different layers of the heart
Parietal pericardium wall.
5. Which layer of the heart wall Endocardium
lines the heart chambers and
covers the heart valves? The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart. It consists
of connective tissue and a thin simple squamous epithelial layer
Endocardium called endothelium. This layer lines the heart chambers, covers
Myocardium the heart valves, and is continuous with the inner lining of blood
Epicardium vessels attached to the heart. It provides a smooth surface for
Pericardium blood to easily flow through.
The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall, and the
myocardium is the muscle layer of the wall that contains cells
that initiate contraction. The pericardium is a double-layered
membranous sac that surrounds the heart.
6. Which chamber pumps blood Right ventricle
to the lungs for oxygenation?
, BIOS 255: Week 2 - The Cardiovascular System: Heart
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the
Left ventricle pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries toward the lungs to
Right atrium become reoxygenated.
Left atrium The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta
Right ventricle out to all organs of the body. Atria are receiving chambers and
do not pump blood out of the heart.
7. What is the main function of To collect deoxygenated blood from the heart wall
the coronary sinus?
The coronary sinus collects most of the deoxygenated blood
To supply blood to the coro- from the heart's myocardium and empties it into the right atri-
nary arteries um.
To collect deoxygenated The coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the myocardi-
blood from the heart wall um and receive their blood directly from the aorta.
To transport blood from the
left atrium to the right atrium
To carry oxygenated blood to
the myocardium
8. During which refractory peri- Relative refractory period
od can cardiac muscle cells
respond to a second action During the relative refractory period (RRP), cardiac muscle cells
potential, but only with a are in a state where they can respond and generate a second
stronger stimulus? action potential, but only with a stronger stimulus.
During the absolute refractory period (ARP), cardiac muscle
Depolarization period cells are completely unresponsive to any electrical stimulus,
Absolute refractory period regardless of how strong the stimulus is. The ARP corresponds
Relative refractory period to the time when voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated or
Resting period closed during depolarization.
Resting is not a refractory period.
9. Which chamber of the heart Left ventricle
has the thickest walls?
1. Which membrane type lines Serous membrane
internal cavities and covers or-
gan surfaces? Serous membranes are double-layered membranes that line
and cover body cavities and organs. Examples include the
Mucous membrane pleura of the lungs, the peritoneum of the abdomen, and the
Serous membrane pericardium of the heart.
Synovial membrane Mucous membranes are found lining tracts that are exposed to
Cutaneous membrane the external environment such as the digestive tract. Synovial
membranes are found within joint cavities and secrete synovial
fluid to lubricate joints. The cutaneous membrane is the skin.
2. Which statement regarding The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to organs.
the heart chambers is correct
? The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, while
the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from all over the
The left ventricle is responsi- body. The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary
ble for pumping blood to or- trunk en route to the lungs for reoxygenation.
gans.
The left atrium receives de-
oxygenated blood from the
body.
The right atrium receives
oxygenated blood from the
lungs.
The right ventricle pumps oxy-
genated blood to the lungs.
3. What are the characteristics of Involuntary
cardiac muscle tissue? Select Intercalated discs
all that apply. Striated
Found in heart wall
Involuntary
, BIOS 255: Week 2 - The Cardiovascular System: Heart
Intercalated discs Cardiac muscle tissue is striated, found only in the heart walls,
Voluntary and is under involuntary control. This type of tissue also contains
Striated intercalated discs, which have cell junctions to hold cardiac cells
Nonstriated together and allow for communication.
Found in heart wall Smooth muscle is found in hollow organs and is nonstriated.
Found in hollow organs Skeletal muscle is the only muscle tissue type that is under
voluntary (or conscious) control
4. What is the name of the Visceral pericardium
serous membrane lining the
outer surface of the heart? The visceral pericardium closely adheres to the surface of the
heart, forming the outermost layer of the heart that we also call
Visceral pericardium the epicardium.
Endocardium The parietal pericardium lines the inside of the fibrous peri-
Myocardium cardium, which is the outer surface of the pericardial sac. The
Fibrous pericardium endocardium and myocardium are different layers of the heart
Parietal pericardium wall.
5. Which layer of the heart wall Endocardium
lines the heart chambers and
covers the heart valves? The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart. It consists
of connective tissue and a thin simple squamous epithelial layer
Endocardium called endothelium. This layer lines the heart chambers, covers
Myocardium the heart valves, and is continuous with the inner lining of blood
Epicardium vessels attached to the heart. It provides a smooth surface for
Pericardium blood to easily flow through.
The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall, and the
myocardium is the muscle layer of the wall that contains cells
that initiate contraction. The pericardium is a double-layered
membranous sac that surrounds the heart.
6. Which chamber pumps blood Right ventricle
to the lungs for oxygenation?
, BIOS 255: Week 2 - The Cardiovascular System: Heart
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the
Left ventricle pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries toward the lungs to
Right atrium become reoxygenated.
Left atrium The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta
Right ventricle out to all organs of the body. Atria are receiving chambers and
do not pump blood out of the heart.
7. What is the main function of To collect deoxygenated blood from the heart wall
the coronary sinus?
The coronary sinus collects most of the deoxygenated blood
To supply blood to the coro- from the heart's myocardium and empties it into the right atri-
nary arteries um.
To collect deoxygenated The coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the myocardi-
blood from the heart wall um and receive their blood directly from the aorta.
To transport blood from the
left atrium to the right atrium
To carry oxygenated blood to
the myocardium
8. During which refractory peri- Relative refractory period
od can cardiac muscle cells
respond to a second action During the relative refractory period (RRP), cardiac muscle cells
potential, but only with a are in a state where they can respond and generate a second
stronger stimulus? action potential, but only with a stronger stimulus.
During the absolute refractory period (ARP), cardiac muscle
Depolarization period cells are completely unresponsive to any electrical stimulus,
Absolute refractory period regardless of how strong the stimulus is. The ARP corresponds
Relative refractory period to the time when voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated or
Resting period closed during depolarization.
Resting is not a refractory period.
9. Which chamber of the heart Left ventricle
has the thickest walls?
