COSC 275 Exam 1 || A+ Guaranteed.
Estimating: correct answers The process of determining the anticipated cost of materials,
labor, and equipment of a proposed project.
Take-off: correct answers The process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on
drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a
project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate how much it will cost to build the
project.
Quantities: correct answers Measured amounts of construction items expressed in their
customary units.
Quantification: correct answers In estimating an activity to translate project scope
information into resource quantities suitable for costing. In the engineering and construction
industry, a takeoff is a specific type of quantification that is a measurement and listing of
quantities of materials from drawings.
Quantity survey: correct answers A detailed analysis of material and equipment required to
construct a project.
Area: correct answers A measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid.
Area Method: correct answers A construction cost estimating system employing unit square
foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of a building.
Length: correct answers The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement: correct answers A unit or system of units for measuring length: 12" =
1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension: correct answers A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Specifications or specs: correct answers Documents that define the qualitative requirements
for products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract for construction is based.
Drawings: correct answers Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and
location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules, and
sections. The Term, when capitalized refers to the graphic portion of a project's contract
documents.
Addendum: correct answers A document describing an addition, change, correction, or
modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by the design professional during
the bidding period or prior to the award of contract, and is the primary method of informing
bidders of modifications to the work during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the
bidding process.
Amendment: correct answers A modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement. This
does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected provisions
or requirements.
, Grade: correct answers 1. The surface or level of the ground.
2. A classification of quality as, for instance, in lumber.
3. The existing or proposed ground level or elevation on a building site or around a building.
4. The slope or rate of incline or decline of a road, expressed as a percent.
5. A designation of a subfloor, either above grade, on grade, or below grade.
6. In plumbing, the slope of installed pipe, expressed in the fall in inches per foot length of
pipe.
7. The classification of the durability of brick.
8. Any surface prepared to accept paving, conduit, or rails.
Level: correct answers 1. A term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at
the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope.
2. In surveying, an instrument that measures heights from an established reference.
3. A spirit level, consisting of small tubes of liquid with bubbles in each. The small tubes are
positioned in a length of wood or metal that is handheld and, by observing the position of the
bubbles, used to find and check level surfaces.
Site: correct answers The location of the project geographically, usually defined by legal
boundaries.
Elevation: correct answers A vertical distance relative to a reference point.
2. A view or drawing of the interior or exterior of a structure as if projected onto a vertical
plane.
Cut and fill: correct answers An operation commonly used in road building and other rock
and earthmoving operations in which the material excavated and removed from one location
is used as fill material at another location.
Fill: correct answers The soil or other material used to raise the grade of a site area.
2. A subfloor leveling material.
Foundation: correct answers The entire masonry substructure below the first floor or frame or
a building, including the footing upon which the building rests.
Grade Beam: correct answers A horizontal end-supporting load-bearing foundation member
that supports an exterior wall of a superstructure.
Width: correct answers The measurement or extent of something from side to side.
Footing: correct answers That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and
transmits the load directly to the soil.
Reinforced concrete: correct answers Concrete containing adequate reinforcement,
prestressed or not, and designed on the assumption that the materials (steel and concrete) act
together in resisting forces.
Reinforcing bar: correct answers A steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used
in concrete and masonry construction to provide additional strength.
Estimating: correct answers The process of determining the anticipated cost of materials,
labor, and equipment of a proposed project.
Take-off: correct answers The process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on
drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a
project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate how much it will cost to build the
project.
Quantities: correct answers Measured amounts of construction items expressed in their
customary units.
Quantification: correct answers In estimating an activity to translate project scope
information into resource quantities suitable for costing. In the engineering and construction
industry, a takeoff is a specific type of quantification that is a measurement and listing of
quantities of materials from drawings.
Quantity survey: correct answers A detailed analysis of material and equipment required to
construct a project.
Area: correct answers A measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid.
Area Method: correct answers A construction cost estimating system employing unit square
foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of a building.
Length: correct answers The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement: correct answers A unit or system of units for measuring length: 12" =
1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension: correct answers A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Specifications or specs: correct answers Documents that define the qualitative requirements
for products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract for construction is based.
Drawings: correct answers Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and
location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules, and
sections. The Term, when capitalized refers to the graphic portion of a project's contract
documents.
Addendum: correct answers A document describing an addition, change, correction, or
modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by the design professional during
the bidding period or prior to the award of contract, and is the primary method of informing
bidders of modifications to the work during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the
bidding process.
Amendment: correct answers A modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement. This
does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected provisions
or requirements.
, Grade: correct answers 1. The surface or level of the ground.
2. A classification of quality as, for instance, in lumber.
3. The existing or proposed ground level or elevation on a building site or around a building.
4. The slope or rate of incline or decline of a road, expressed as a percent.
5. A designation of a subfloor, either above grade, on grade, or below grade.
6. In plumbing, the slope of installed pipe, expressed in the fall in inches per foot length of
pipe.
7. The classification of the durability of brick.
8. Any surface prepared to accept paving, conduit, or rails.
Level: correct answers 1. A term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at
the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope.
2. In surveying, an instrument that measures heights from an established reference.
3. A spirit level, consisting of small tubes of liquid with bubbles in each. The small tubes are
positioned in a length of wood or metal that is handheld and, by observing the position of the
bubbles, used to find and check level surfaces.
Site: correct answers The location of the project geographically, usually defined by legal
boundaries.
Elevation: correct answers A vertical distance relative to a reference point.
2. A view or drawing of the interior or exterior of a structure as if projected onto a vertical
plane.
Cut and fill: correct answers An operation commonly used in road building and other rock
and earthmoving operations in which the material excavated and removed from one location
is used as fill material at another location.
Fill: correct answers The soil or other material used to raise the grade of a site area.
2. A subfloor leveling material.
Foundation: correct answers The entire masonry substructure below the first floor or frame or
a building, including the footing upon which the building rests.
Grade Beam: correct answers A horizontal end-supporting load-bearing foundation member
that supports an exterior wall of a superstructure.
Width: correct answers The measurement or extent of something from side to side.
Footing: correct answers That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and
transmits the load directly to the soil.
Reinforced concrete: correct answers Concrete containing adequate reinforcement,
prestressed or not, and designed on the assumption that the materials (steel and concrete) act
together in resisting forces.
Reinforcing bar: correct answers A steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used
in concrete and masonry construction to provide additional strength.
