NURS 372 Exam
First period of reactivity
What are the first three stages of a newborns
Period of decreased responsiveness
life
Second period of reactivity
Conditions that cause decreased placental blood flow:
Hypertension
Conditions that can impact fetal lung
Placental dysfunction
maturity
Infection
Corticosteroid use
Gestational diabetes
Conditions that can delay fetal lung maturity
Glomerulonephritis
Hypoxia in labour-> activate chemoreceptors
Chemical factors that induce respirations at Decrease PO2
birth Increased PCO2
Decreased blood pH
Thermal factors that induce respirations at Drop in environmental temperature when born
birth
Mechanical factors that induce respirations Compression of chest during vaginal birth
at birth Crying
, NURS 372 Exam
Physically rubbing newborn dry
Pain
Sensory factors that induce respirations at
Lights
birth
Sounds
Smells
Shallow and irregular
What do normal newborn respirations look 30-60 breaths/min
like? Respiratory rate increases with activity
Periodic breathing includes pauses lasting less than 20 seconds
Ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
What three shunts are present during fetal
Ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta
life? What do they connect
Foramen ovale allows blood to pump from the right atria to the left atria
To enhance detection of critical congenital heart disease
What is pulse oximetry screening used for in
Perform between 24 hours and 36 hours post birth, using the infant's right hand a
newborns?
either foot to minimize false-positive results
Bacterial colonization of the gut is established within the first week of birth
Bowel sounds are usually heard after birth
Mucus membrane of the mouth is moist and pink
List the characteristics of a newborns GI
Hard & soft palates are intact
system at birth
Occasionally born with 1 or more teeth
Stomach capacity: 30 ml (1 oz) day 1
Babies spit up bc the cardiac sphincter is immature
, NURS 372 Exam
Composed of amniotic fluid & its constituents,
intestinal secretions, shed mucosal cells and possibly blood.
What is meconium?
Greenish black, tarry consistency; usually passed within 12 to 24 hours of birth; al
all do so by 48 hours
Appear by third day after initiation of feeding
What is transitional stool? When does it Greenish brown to yellowish brown
appear? Thin and less sticky than meconium
May contain some milk curds
Usually appears by day 4
Breastfed: yellow to golden, pasty, odour similar to sour milk
What is milk stool? When does it appear?
Has fat globules, once u see these u know the bb is getting enough milk
How is it different for formula fed infants?
Formula fed: pale yellow to light brown, firmer consistency, odor more character
a normal stool
Excretes 15-60 ml/kg (first few days)
Frequency of voids increases with age
List the characteristics of the renal system at
1 day of age a minimum of 1 void is expected
birth for a newborn. How much should they
1 void/day for first 5 days
void
At 1 wk., 6-8 voids/day
Pale, straw-coloured
Convection
What are the 4 types of heat loss a newborn Radiation
experiences at birth Evaporation
Conduction
, NURS 372 Exam
They have brown fat around their vital organs, if they get cold they will metaboliz
What happens if a newborns temperature
They can become hypoglycemic as they use energy.
drops too low?
They use up oxygen, and can become acrocyanotic.
110-160bpm
What is the normal range for a newborns
can be as low as 90bpm during sleep
heart rate?
Can go as high as 180 bpm when the infant cries
The apical impulse (point of maximal impulse [PMI]) in the newborn is at the fourt
Where can the apical pulse be found on a
intercostal space and to the left of the midclavicular line. The PMI is often visible
newborn?
easily palpable because of the thin chest wall; this is also called precordial activi
What is the normal blood pressure range for The term newborn infant's average systolic BP is 60 to 80 mm Hg, and average d
a newborn. BP is 40 to 50 mm Hg.
30-60 breaths/min
Can increase when baby is crying
What is the normal respiratory rate range for Tendency to be shallow and irregular in rate, rhythm, and depth when infant is aw
a newborn + Characteristics of breathing Crackles may be heard after birth.
No adventitious sounds audible on inspiration and expiration
Breath sounds: bronchial: loud, clear
Clitoris usually edematous
What are the characteristics of a female,
Labia majora usually edematous, covering labia minora
term infants genitalia
Labia minora possible protrusion over labia majora
What are the characteristics of a female, Labia majora widely separated
preterm infants genitalia Labia minora prominent
First period of reactivity
What are the first three stages of a newborns
Period of decreased responsiveness
life
Second period of reactivity
Conditions that cause decreased placental blood flow:
Hypertension
Conditions that can impact fetal lung
Placental dysfunction
maturity
Infection
Corticosteroid use
Gestational diabetes
Conditions that can delay fetal lung maturity
Glomerulonephritis
Hypoxia in labour-> activate chemoreceptors
Chemical factors that induce respirations at Decrease PO2
birth Increased PCO2
Decreased blood pH
Thermal factors that induce respirations at Drop in environmental temperature when born
birth
Mechanical factors that induce respirations Compression of chest during vaginal birth
at birth Crying
, NURS 372 Exam
Physically rubbing newborn dry
Pain
Sensory factors that induce respirations at
Lights
birth
Sounds
Smells
Shallow and irregular
What do normal newborn respirations look 30-60 breaths/min
like? Respiratory rate increases with activity
Periodic breathing includes pauses lasting less than 20 seconds
Ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
What three shunts are present during fetal
Ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta
life? What do they connect
Foramen ovale allows blood to pump from the right atria to the left atria
To enhance detection of critical congenital heart disease
What is pulse oximetry screening used for in
Perform between 24 hours and 36 hours post birth, using the infant's right hand a
newborns?
either foot to minimize false-positive results
Bacterial colonization of the gut is established within the first week of birth
Bowel sounds are usually heard after birth
Mucus membrane of the mouth is moist and pink
List the characteristics of a newborns GI
Hard & soft palates are intact
system at birth
Occasionally born with 1 or more teeth
Stomach capacity: 30 ml (1 oz) day 1
Babies spit up bc the cardiac sphincter is immature
, NURS 372 Exam
Composed of amniotic fluid & its constituents,
intestinal secretions, shed mucosal cells and possibly blood.
What is meconium?
Greenish black, tarry consistency; usually passed within 12 to 24 hours of birth; al
all do so by 48 hours
Appear by third day after initiation of feeding
What is transitional stool? When does it Greenish brown to yellowish brown
appear? Thin and less sticky than meconium
May contain some milk curds
Usually appears by day 4
Breastfed: yellow to golden, pasty, odour similar to sour milk
What is milk stool? When does it appear?
Has fat globules, once u see these u know the bb is getting enough milk
How is it different for formula fed infants?
Formula fed: pale yellow to light brown, firmer consistency, odor more character
a normal stool
Excretes 15-60 ml/kg (first few days)
Frequency of voids increases with age
List the characteristics of the renal system at
1 day of age a minimum of 1 void is expected
birth for a newborn. How much should they
1 void/day for first 5 days
void
At 1 wk., 6-8 voids/day
Pale, straw-coloured
Convection
What are the 4 types of heat loss a newborn Radiation
experiences at birth Evaporation
Conduction
, NURS 372 Exam
They have brown fat around their vital organs, if they get cold they will metaboliz
What happens if a newborns temperature
They can become hypoglycemic as they use energy.
drops too low?
They use up oxygen, and can become acrocyanotic.
110-160bpm
What is the normal range for a newborns
can be as low as 90bpm during sleep
heart rate?
Can go as high as 180 bpm when the infant cries
The apical impulse (point of maximal impulse [PMI]) in the newborn is at the fourt
Where can the apical pulse be found on a
intercostal space and to the left of the midclavicular line. The PMI is often visible
newborn?
easily palpable because of the thin chest wall; this is also called precordial activi
What is the normal blood pressure range for The term newborn infant's average systolic BP is 60 to 80 mm Hg, and average d
a newborn. BP is 40 to 50 mm Hg.
30-60 breaths/min
Can increase when baby is crying
What is the normal respiratory rate range for Tendency to be shallow and irregular in rate, rhythm, and depth when infant is aw
a newborn + Characteristics of breathing Crackles may be heard after birth.
No adventitious sounds audible on inspiration and expiration
Breath sounds: bronchial: loud, clear
Clitoris usually edematous
What are the characteristics of a female,
Labia majora usually edematous, covering labia minora
term infants genitalia
Labia minora possible protrusion over labia majora
What are the characteristics of a female, Labia majora widely separated
preterm infants genitalia Labia minora prominent
