UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
Delivery of O2 and removal of CO2
Perfusion
- Requires a pump (heart), fluid (blood), and vessels
Hypoperfusion inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
Hypovolemic shock
- can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
widespread vasodilation
Distributive shock
- can be caused by SEPSIS
- Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout bloodstrea
Sepsis - Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary permeability
reduced intravascular fluid
How to treat septic shock? POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport
loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury &
Neurogenic shock
damage to the nervous system)
hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
Symptoms of neurogenic shock
- usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
Anaphylactic shock Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation
, UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
- Increased vascular permeability
- Bronchoconstriction
Anaphylactic shock symptoms
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
4 types of skull fractures - linear, depressed, open, basilar
A simple crack in the skull
- least deadly
Linear skull fracture
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
Inward indentation of the skull with possible pressure on brain
Depressed skull fracture - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head)
- Will feel abnormal
a skull fracture with an associated open wound to the overlying scalp
Open skull fracture - pierced brain cavity
- worst injury, most deadly
- Fracture at the base of the skull
Basilar skull fracture
- leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
- Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath)
Symptoms of basilar skull fracture (& when - Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears
will they show up) - Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a while for bl
to pool causing symptoms)
Delivery of O2 and removal of CO2
Perfusion
- Requires a pump (heart), fluid (blood), and vessels
Hypoperfusion inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
Hypovolemic shock
- can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
widespread vasodilation
Distributive shock
- can be caused by SEPSIS
- Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout bloodstrea
Sepsis - Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary permeability
reduced intravascular fluid
How to treat septic shock? POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport
loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury &
Neurogenic shock
damage to the nervous system)
hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
Symptoms of neurogenic shock
- usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
Anaphylactic shock Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation
, UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
- Increased vascular permeability
- Bronchoconstriction
Anaphylactic shock symptoms
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
4 types of skull fractures - linear, depressed, open, basilar
A simple crack in the skull
- least deadly
Linear skull fracture
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
Inward indentation of the skull with possible pressure on brain
Depressed skull fracture - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head)
- Will feel abnormal
a skull fracture with an associated open wound to the overlying scalp
Open skull fracture - pierced brain cavity
- worst injury, most deadly
- Fracture at the base of the skull
Basilar skull fracture
- leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
- Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath)
Symptoms of basilar skull fracture (& when - Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears
will they show up) - Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a while for bl
to pool causing symptoms)
