GRAY'S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
Q1
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body
Stem: A 58-year-old patient has a stab wound that enters the
body at an area described as “inferomedial to the umbilicus.” As
a clinician trying to explain potential internal structures at risk,
which spatial interpretation best guides immediate bedside
assessment and imaging choice?
Options:
A. Inferomedial to the umbilicus indicates a point lower and
toward the midline — consider bladder and lower small
intestine.
B. Inferomedial to the umbilicus indicates a point closer to the
head and lateral — consider liver and gallbladder.
C. Inferomedial to the umbilicus means superior and lateral —
consider stomach and spleen.
D. Inferomedial to the umbilicus means posterior and lateral —
,consider kidneys and adrenal glands.
Correct answer: A
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences):
“Inferomedial” combines inferior (toward the feet) and medial
(toward the midline). Structures approximately inferior and
medial to the umbilicus include distal small bowel, parts of the
bladder (if distended), and the midline pelvic structures. This
interpretation fits Gray’s description of standard anatomical
directional terminology and guides choosing abdominal/pelvic
imaging.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each):
B. Liver and gallbladder are superior and to the right lateral side
of the abdomen, not inferomedial to the umbilicus.
C. Stomach and spleen lie superior and left-lateral;
“inferomedial” does not match their positions.
D. Kidneys and adrenals are posterior and lateral; posterior-
lateral is not inferomedial.
Teaching point: Inferior = toward feet; medial = toward midline.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
Q2
Reference: Ch. 1 — What is anatomy?
Stem: During a clinical skills lab, a student must palpate the
anatomical landmark for the inguinal ligament while
differentiating the functional relationship between ligament
,and canal. Which interpretation best reflects structure–function
pairing for safe examination?
Options:
A. The inguinal ligament forms a rigid tube transmitting major
vessels; palpation risks vessel injury.
B. The inguinal ligament is the rolled inferior border of the
external oblique aponeurosis and forms the roof of the inguinal
canal; palpation locates the superficial inguinal ring.
C. The inguinal ligament is a muscular band that actively
elevates the pelvic floor during coughing.
D. The inguinal ligament attaches directly to the pubic
symphysis and transmits the spermatic cord posteriorly.
Correct answer: B
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences):
Gray’s defines the inguinal ligament as the folded inferior edge
of the external oblique aponeurosis extending from ASIS to
pubic tubercle. It contributes to the superficial boundary of the
inguinal canal; palpating it helps locate superficial structures
such as the superficial inguinal ring. This interpretation links
surface anatomy to functional relationships and guides safe
palpation.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each):
A. The ligament is not a rigid vascular tube and palpation does
not pose direct vessel-injury risk for deeper major vessels.
C. The ligament is tendinous/aponeurotic, not muscular, so it
does not actively contract to elevate the pelvic floor.
D. It attaches to the pubic tubercle (not the symphysis as
, primary point) and does not itself transmit the spermatic cord
posteriorly.
Teaching point: Inguinal ligament = rolled edge of external
oblique; ASIS → pubic tubercle.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
Q3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Imaging
Stem: A trauma patient arrives after a high-speed collision. The
trauma team requests an imaging modality that best visualizes
free intraperitoneal air and bony pelvis fractures rapidly at
bedside. Based on basic imaging principles, which modality is
the best initial choice?
Options:
A. Plain radiography (upright chest and pelvis) — good for free
air and fractures.
B. Ultrasound (FAST) — superior for pneumoperitoneum
detection.
C. MRI — fastest and ideal for air detection and acute fractures.
D. Nuclear medicine bone scan — fastest for acute fractures.
Correct answer: A
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences):
Plain radiographs (upright chest or abdominal and pelvis series)
are rapid, widely available, and sensitive for detecting free
intraperitoneal air (under the diaphragm) and for initial
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
Q1
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body
Stem: A 58-year-old patient has a stab wound that enters the
body at an area described as “inferomedial to the umbilicus.” As
a clinician trying to explain potential internal structures at risk,
which spatial interpretation best guides immediate bedside
assessment and imaging choice?
Options:
A. Inferomedial to the umbilicus indicates a point lower and
toward the midline — consider bladder and lower small
intestine.
B. Inferomedial to the umbilicus indicates a point closer to the
head and lateral — consider liver and gallbladder.
C. Inferomedial to the umbilicus means superior and lateral —
consider stomach and spleen.
D. Inferomedial to the umbilicus means posterior and lateral —
,consider kidneys and adrenal glands.
Correct answer: A
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences):
“Inferomedial” combines inferior (toward the feet) and medial
(toward the midline). Structures approximately inferior and
medial to the umbilicus include distal small bowel, parts of the
bladder (if distended), and the midline pelvic structures. This
interpretation fits Gray’s description of standard anatomical
directional terminology and guides choosing abdominal/pelvic
imaging.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each):
B. Liver and gallbladder are superior and to the right lateral side
of the abdomen, not inferomedial to the umbilicus.
C. Stomach and spleen lie superior and left-lateral;
“inferomedial” does not match their positions.
D. Kidneys and adrenals are posterior and lateral; posterior-
lateral is not inferomedial.
Teaching point: Inferior = toward feet; medial = toward midline.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
Q2
Reference: Ch. 1 — What is anatomy?
Stem: During a clinical skills lab, a student must palpate the
anatomical landmark for the inguinal ligament while
differentiating the functional relationship between ligament
,and canal. Which interpretation best reflects structure–function
pairing for safe examination?
Options:
A. The inguinal ligament forms a rigid tube transmitting major
vessels; palpation risks vessel injury.
B. The inguinal ligament is the rolled inferior border of the
external oblique aponeurosis and forms the roof of the inguinal
canal; palpation locates the superficial inguinal ring.
C. The inguinal ligament is a muscular band that actively
elevates the pelvic floor during coughing.
D. The inguinal ligament attaches directly to the pubic
symphysis and transmits the spermatic cord posteriorly.
Correct answer: B
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences):
Gray’s defines the inguinal ligament as the folded inferior edge
of the external oblique aponeurosis extending from ASIS to
pubic tubercle. It contributes to the superficial boundary of the
inguinal canal; palpating it helps locate superficial structures
such as the superficial inguinal ring. This interpretation links
surface anatomy to functional relationships and guides safe
palpation.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each):
A. The ligament is not a rigid vascular tube and palpation does
not pose direct vessel-injury risk for deeper major vessels.
C. The ligament is tendinous/aponeurotic, not muscular, so it
does not actively contract to elevate the pelvic floor.
D. It attaches to the pubic tubercle (not the symphysis as
, primary point) and does not itself transmit the spermatic cord
posteriorly.
Teaching point: Inguinal ligament = rolled edge of external
oblique; ASIS → pubic tubercle.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
Q3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Imaging
Stem: A trauma patient arrives after a high-speed collision. The
trauma team requests an imaging modality that best visualizes
free intraperitoneal air and bony pelvis fractures rapidly at
bedside. Based on basic imaging principles, which modality is
the best initial choice?
Options:
A. Plain radiography (upright chest and pelvis) — good for free
air and fractures.
B. Ultrasound (FAST) — superior for pneumoperitoneum
detection.
C. MRI — fastest and ideal for air detection and acute fractures.
D. Nuclear medicine bone scan — fastest for acute fractures.
Correct answer: A
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences):
Plain radiographs (upright chest or abdominal and pelvis series)
are rapid, widely available, and sensitive for detecting free
intraperitoneal air (under the diaphragm) and for initial
