Terms in this set (244)
During what trimester is a pregnant 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term
consequences?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
What is BEERS criteria?
prescriber ultimately decides
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be ind
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effe
CYP450 inducers
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
CYP450 inducer drug names
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketocona
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
grapefruit juice, quinidine
, increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
Physiological changes during pregnancy
increase hepatic metabolism
that impact pharmacodynamics and
decrease tone and motility of bowel
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
increase drug absorption
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolon
Examples of medications that can be
vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications s
teratogenic
as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
medications different in neonates?
Why is absorption of medication in the delayed gastric emptying
stomach increased in infancy?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
Some medications that should be
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
avoided in the pediatric patient?
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
what should be included in medication
drug storage
administration patient education?
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
, reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
What are some things that put the
presence of comorbidities
elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
drug reactions?
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medicatio
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
How can healthcare providers decrease
using the simplest regimen possible
likelihood of an elderly patient
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
, simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
How can we promote medication clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
adherence with elderly patients? developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
later than 4 PM?
Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
Nine factors that impact outcome of placebo effect
medication? Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for yes
genetic testing?
During what trimester is a pregnant 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term
consequences?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
What is BEERS criteria?
prescriber ultimately decides
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be ind
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effe
CYP450 inducers
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
CYP450 inducer drug names
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketocona
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
grapefruit juice, quinidine
, increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
Physiological changes during pregnancy
increase hepatic metabolism
that impact pharmacodynamics and
decrease tone and motility of bowel
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
increase drug absorption
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolon
Examples of medications that can be
vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications s
teratogenic
as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
medications different in neonates?
Why is absorption of medication in the delayed gastric emptying
stomach increased in infancy?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
Some medications that should be
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
avoided in the pediatric patient?
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
what should be included in medication
drug storage
administration patient education?
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
, reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
What are some things that put the
presence of comorbidities
elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
drug reactions?
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medicatio
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
How can healthcare providers decrease
using the simplest regimen possible
likelihood of an elderly patient
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
, simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
How can we promote medication clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
adherence with elderly patients? developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
later than 4 PM?
Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
Nine factors that impact outcome of placebo effect
medication? Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for yes
genetic testing?
