✅ UNIT 1
✅ CHAPTER 1 — Access to Women’s
Health Care: Affordability, Equity, Rights
Key Concepts
● U.S. women’s health access is shaped by insurance, federal policy, cost, and
sociopolitical factors.
● Programs influencing women’s care: Medicare, Medicaid, ACA, Title X.
● Health equity vs. inequity vs. disparity—rooted in social determinants (income, race,
education, geography).
● Women’s health rights have evolved but remain contested (e.g., reproductive rights,
insurance coverage).
Clinical Highlights
● Assess patients for insurance status, financial barriers, and coverage gaps.
● Recognize how social determinants impact chronic disease outcomes.
● Encourage shared decision-making and advocacy for care access.
New Concepts Explained
● Health Equity: Everyone has a fair opportunity to attain full health.
● Health Inequity: Differences in health that are preventable and unjust.
● Social Determinants: Conditions where people live/work that affect health (e.g.,
housing, food security).
Conditions Introduced
,Primarily systemic concerns—no new diseases, but clinical focus on:
● Access-related complications, e.g., delayed cancer screening → advanced disease.
● Underinsurance-related gaps in chronic disease management.
Treatment focuses on linking women to affordable services, community programs, and
preventive screenings.
✅ CHAPTER 2 — Women’s Development
into the 21st Century
Key Concepts
● Women’s development is influenced by historical, cultural, and societal trends.
● Major shifts: increased education, delayed childbearing, more women in workforce,
#MeToo movement.
● Growth vs. development: physical change vs. psychosocial/cognitive change.
● Traditional developmental theories (e.g., Erikson) often did not fit women’s lived
experiences.
Clinical Highlights
● Include developmental stage assessment in clinical interviews.
● Evaluate women within broader family, cultural, and social context.
● Screen for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)—linked to chronic disease later.
New Concepts Explained
● “Life Pretzel” Model: Multiple overlapping developmental pathways (reproductive,
vocational, marital).
, ● Herstory vs. History: Reframing women’s experiences as integral rather than
secondary.
● ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences): Early trauma linked to adult chronic disease,
mental illness, risk behaviors.
New Clinical Topics
● ACEs Implications:
○ ↑ Risk: heart disease, mental illness, substance use.
○ Management: Trauma-informed care, mental health referral, lifestyle counseling.
✅ CHAPTER 3 — Epidemiology,
Diagnostic Methods, and Procedures in
Women’s Health
Key Concepts
● Leading causes of death in U.S. women: heart disease, cancer, unintentional
injuries, chronic respiratory disease.
● Differences by race, age, and population subgroup.
● Understanding diagnostic test characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, predictive
values.
● Overview of key labs, imaging, and office procedures.
Clinical Highlights
● Use population data to guide screening (e.g., breast, cervical cancer).
● Interpret test results accurately using predictive values.
, ● Know common diagnostic tools: Pap test, HPV testing, pelvic ultrasound,
mammography, hysteroscopy.
New Concepts Explained
● Predictive Value: Likelihood that a test result reflects true disease status.
● Sensitivity: Ability to detect disease when present.
● Specificity: Ability to exclude disease when absent.
Conditions Introduced
● Common malignancies affecting women: breast, lung, colorectal.
○ Treatment: Based on stage—surgery, chemo, radiation, targeted therapy.
● COPD in Women: Often underdiagnosed; linked to higher mortality.
○ Management: Smoking cessation, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids.
✅ CHAPTER 4 — Assessing Adolescent
Women’s Health
Key Concepts
● Adolescence = rapid physical, cognitive, emotional, sexual development.
● Stages: early (10–14), middle (15–17), late (18–21) adolescence.
● High-risk behaviors emerge: sexual activity, substance use, unhealthy weight control,
dating violence.
● Adolescence is a prime period for preventive education.
✅ CHAPTER 1 — Access to Women’s
Health Care: Affordability, Equity, Rights
Key Concepts
● U.S. women’s health access is shaped by insurance, federal policy, cost, and
sociopolitical factors.
● Programs influencing women’s care: Medicare, Medicaid, ACA, Title X.
● Health equity vs. inequity vs. disparity—rooted in social determinants (income, race,
education, geography).
● Women’s health rights have evolved but remain contested (e.g., reproductive rights,
insurance coverage).
Clinical Highlights
● Assess patients for insurance status, financial barriers, and coverage gaps.
● Recognize how social determinants impact chronic disease outcomes.
● Encourage shared decision-making and advocacy for care access.
New Concepts Explained
● Health Equity: Everyone has a fair opportunity to attain full health.
● Health Inequity: Differences in health that are preventable and unjust.
● Social Determinants: Conditions where people live/work that affect health (e.g.,
housing, food security).
Conditions Introduced
,Primarily systemic concerns—no new diseases, but clinical focus on:
● Access-related complications, e.g., delayed cancer screening → advanced disease.
● Underinsurance-related gaps in chronic disease management.
Treatment focuses on linking women to affordable services, community programs, and
preventive screenings.
✅ CHAPTER 2 — Women’s Development
into the 21st Century
Key Concepts
● Women’s development is influenced by historical, cultural, and societal trends.
● Major shifts: increased education, delayed childbearing, more women in workforce,
#MeToo movement.
● Growth vs. development: physical change vs. psychosocial/cognitive change.
● Traditional developmental theories (e.g., Erikson) often did not fit women’s lived
experiences.
Clinical Highlights
● Include developmental stage assessment in clinical interviews.
● Evaluate women within broader family, cultural, and social context.
● Screen for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)—linked to chronic disease later.
New Concepts Explained
● “Life Pretzel” Model: Multiple overlapping developmental pathways (reproductive,
vocational, marital).
, ● Herstory vs. History: Reframing women’s experiences as integral rather than
secondary.
● ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences): Early trauma linked to adult chronic disease,
mental illness, risk behaviors.
New Clinical Topics
● ACEs Implications:
○ ↑ Risk: heart disease, mental illness, substance use.
○ Management: Trauma-informed care, mental health referral, lifestyle counseling.
✅ CHAPTER 3 — Epidemiology,
Diagnostic Methods, and Procedures in
Women’s Health
Key Concepts
● Leading causes of death in U.S. women: heart disease, cancer, unintentional
injuries, chronic respiratory disease.
● Differences by race, age, and population subgroup.
● Understanding diagnostic test characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, predictive
values.
● Overview of key labs, imaging, and office procedures.
Clinical Highlights
● Use population data to guide screening (e.g., breast, cervical cancer).
● Interpret test results accurately using predictive values.
, ● Know common diagnostic tools: Pap test, HPV testing, pelvic ultrasound,
mammography, hysteroscopy.
New Concepts Explained
● Predictive Value: Likelihood that a test result reflects true disease status.
● Sensitivity: Ability to detect disease when present.
● Specificity: Ability to exclude disease when absent.
Conditions Introduced
● Common malignancies affecting women: breast, lung, colorectal.
○ Treatment: Based on stage—surgery, chemo, radiation, targeted therapy.
● COPD in Women: Often underdiagnosed; linked to higher mortality.
○ Management: Smoking cessation, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids.
✅ CHAPTER 4 — Assessing Adolescent
Women’s Health
Key Concepts
● Adolescence = rapid physical, cognitive, emotional, sexual development.
● Stages: early (10–14), middle (15–17), late (18–21) adolescence.
● High-risk behaviors emerge: sexual activity, substance use, unhealthy weight control,
dating violence.
● Adolescence is a prime period for preventive education.
