Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
CHAPTER 1: Moral Philosophy & Moral Reasoning -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔
Jonathan Wolff - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔British dude,
cray cray smart, wrote this dang book called An Intro to
Moral Philosophy and now you've got a quiz on it
Morality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔concern with the
distinction between good and evil or right and wrong. We
all know it, most of us kinda have it, but why???
moral thinking - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the thinking
that occurs as we consider right and wrong
Epicurus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ancient Greek
Philosopher (341-270 BCE)- Thinks philosophy should be
taught early on
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Greek philosopher
(384-322 BCE)- Thinks you gotta wait a while before you
start in on moral philosophy, you need experience and
self-control.
Morality is equal pasted human character and action
,Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
Moral Philosophy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔principles,
rules, and values people use in deciding what is right or
wrong
Plato - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ancient Greek
Philosopher (429-347 BCE)- Says it's hard to reject the
idea of objective moral truth
Immanuel Kant - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔German
philosopher (1724-1804)- Treat others w. respect
Disagrees with Bentham and Mill, believes in
respect>happiness
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔British philosophers (1742-1832) &
(1806-73)- What matters most is happiness of sentient
creatures, founders of utilitarianism
Friedrich Nietzsche - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔German
philosopher (1844-1900)- Genuine morality cannot be
confused for what is approved/disapproved of by society
at the time
Says only Bentham and Mill think happiness matters (but
some agreed with them, so he wrong)
,Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
Meta-ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the study of
the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs, where
does authority come from?
"Meta"- of a higher order
Strong connections to Normative ethics
Normative Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
search for, and justification of, moral standards, or norms.
"Norm"-Standard
Strong connections to meta-ethics
Looks for a general approach to have wide application
Applied Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
application of moral norms to specific moral issues or
cases, particularly those in a profession such as medicine
or law
Looks for a normative solution to apply to a specific
problem
Argument - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A dispute
between 2 or more, typically little to do with calm
rationality
, Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
Logic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Formal method of
Argument
(Does not mean sensible)
Logically Valid Argument - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔An argument is logically valid if and only if it is not
possible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion
false. An argument is logically invalid if and only if it is
not logically valid.
Contradiction - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A test of an
arguments validity
If the premise of an argument is true, but conclusion is
false
Socratic Method - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Way of
teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-
and-answer format to force students to use their reason
to see things for themselves
Sound Argument - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A valid
argument with true premises
Can act as proof
& Answers 2025
CHAPTER 1: Moral Philosophy & Moral Reasoning -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔
Jonathan Wolff - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔British dude,
cray cray smart, wrote this dang book called An Intro to
Moral Philosophy and now you've got a quiz on it
Morality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔concern with the
distinction between good and evil or right and wrong. We
all know it, most of us kinda have it, but why???
moral thinking - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the thinking
that occurs as we consider right and wrong
Epicurus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ancient Greek
Philosopher (341-270 BCE)- Thinks philosophy should be
taught early on
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Greek philosopher
(384-322 BCE)- Thinks you gotta wait a while before you
start in on moral philosophy, you need experience and
self-control.
Morality is equal pasted human character and action
,Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
Moral Philosophy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔principles,
rules, and values people use in deciding what is right or
wrong
Plato - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ancient Greek
Philosopher (429-347 BCE)- Says it's hard to reject the
idea of objective moral truth
Immanuel Kant - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔German
philosopher (1724-1804)- Treat others w. respect
Disagrees with Bentham and Mill, believes in
respect>happiness
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔British philosophers (1742-1832) &
(1806-73)- What matters most is happiness of sentient
creatures, founders of utilitarianism
Friedrich Nietzsche - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔German
philosopher (1844-1900)- Genuine morality cannot be
confused for what is approved/disapproved of by society
at the time
Says only Bentham and Mill think happiness matters (but
some agreed with them, so he wrong)
,Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
Meta-ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the study of
the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs, where
does authority come from?
"Meta"- of a higher order
Strong connections to Normative ethics
Normative Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
search for, and justification of, moral standards, or norms.
"Norm"-Standard
Strong connections to meta-ethics
Looks for a general approach to have wide application
Applied Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
application of moral norms to specific moral issues or
cases, particularly those in a profession such as medicine
or law
Looks for a normative solution to apply to a specific
problem
Argument - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A dispute
between 2 or more, typically little to do with calm
rationality
, Phil 181 Chapters 1-5 Exam Question
& Answers 2025
Logic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Formal method of
Argument
(Does not mean sensible)
Logically Valid Argument - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔An argument is logically valid if and only if it is not
possible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion
false. An argument is logically invalid if and only if it is
not logically valid.
Contradiction - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A test of an
arguments validity
If the premise of an argument is true, but conclusion is
false
Socratic Method - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Way of
teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-
and-answer format to force students to use their reason
to see things for themselves
Sound Argument - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A valid
argument with true premises
Can act as proof
