NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review | Updated 2026 Study Guide & Practice Questions

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NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review(NEW UPDATED
VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2025]




NURS 6501 – Midterm Exam

1. The cellular response to mild stress that increases cell size
is called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia

Answer: B




2. Cell adaptation in response to decreased workload is
called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia

Answer: B




3. Metaplasia refers to:
A. Cell death
B. Replacement of one cell type with another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Malignant transformation



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Answer: B




4. Hypoxia leads to cellular injury primarily by:
A. Free radical accumulation
B. Decreasing ATP production
C. DNA mutation
D. Calcium influx

Answer: B




5. Ischemia is:
A. Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood
B. Reduced blood flow to tissue
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Inflammation

Answer: B




6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause injury by:
A. Increasing ATP
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Decreasing calcium influx
D. Preventing apoptosis

Answer: B




Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Autoimmune disorder causing chronic joint
inflammation.

CBC - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Complete blood count; measures blood components.

Hgb - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.



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Hct - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.

MCV - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.

Platelet count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Number of platelets per microliter of blood.

WBC count - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ White blood cell count; immune response indicator.

Serum haptoglobin - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.

Serum iron concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Amount of iron in serum, measured in
micrograms.

Total iron binding capacity - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.

Percent saturation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.

Serum ferritin concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Indicator of stored iron in the body.

Reticulocyte concentration - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.

Anemia of chronic disease - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.

Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.

Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.

Overwhelming bacterial infection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Severe infection leading to systemic
inflammatory response.

Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.

Sickle cells - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.

Left ventricular hypertrophy - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to
pressure.

Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.

Aortic dissection - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.

Defibrillation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.




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