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H22 De overheid notities globale economie

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November 29, 2025
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Written in
2025/2026
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H22 de overheid

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H22: De overheid
=> Take-aways: structureel vorderingensaldo, uitgavennorm, sneeuwbaleffect
Entiteit I: federale overheid + sociale zekerheid
Entiteit II: Gemeenschappen en gewesten

Bt/Yt= [(1 + r)Bt-1 - PSt ]/Yt= overheidsschuld => voorraadvariabele (hangt af van tijd)
PSt = primair saldo, verschil tussen OV-inkomsten en uitgaven (excl. rente)
Yt = bbp, schuldgraad van maken door te relativeren

22.1 Begrotingssaldi en het structureel tekort
=> Directe en indirecte impact van overheid op de totale vraag
- Directe impact: overheidsuitgaven (G)
- Indirecte impact: Netto-belastingen (T)
=> Beschikbaar inkomen gezinnen Yb = Y - T
=> Gezinsconsumptie: C = C0 + cYb = C0 + c(Y - T)

Modellering
- exogene overheidsuitgaven: G=Ğ
- belastingen: T = T0 - t1Y

Overheidsdeficit: afhankelijk van economische activiteit
- D = G - T = G - T0 - t1Y
- Structurele componenten
- conjuncturele componenten
- Hoe begrotingsbeleid beoordelen: verandering van het structureel of
conjunctureel begrotingssaldo
- Zie voorbeeld slide 5

=> Overheidssaldo wordt zelf endogeen, afhankelijk van Y (nationaal inkomen/bbp)
- D>0 tekort of deficit
- D<0 overschot of surplus

Grafisch:
- Bij toename Y neemt D af, minder overheidstekort
- Verandering Y is verschuiving langs de curve
- Bij verandering G zien we verschuiving van de curve
- wenteling curve bij verandering belastingquote t 1
- Hoger deficit door dus lager inkomen of door meer uitgaven
- Zie grafiek slide 7,8&9
=> Potentieel bbp lager dan feitelijk bbp, als economie terug normaal wordt zal er
een tekort zijn en omgekeerd
=> Verschil nominale en structurele vorderingensaldo/ inwerken in schulddynamiek
met verschillende toestanden, impliciete rente al dan niet hoger dan groeivoet !!!
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