NUR 155 Exam 3
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1. Epidermis Outermost layer of the skin and the thinnest of the
laters
Despite lack of blood supply, it has the ability to
regenerate every 4-6 weeks
2. 5 Layers of Epidermis Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum/Basale
3. Stratum Corneum Made up of flattened dead cells
Can be seen being removed with bathing or rub-
bing
Important for providing protection from outside
dangers and regulation of fluids and electrolytes
4. Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulo- Middle three layers
sum, Stratum Spinosum Help in the reduction of friction and shear (skin
pulled in one direction while underlying tissue
moves in opposite direction)
5. Stratum Germinativum/ Basal Very active single layer of cells
Constantly produces new cells that are pushed up-
ward through the other layers
6. Dermis Layers between the epidermis and the deeper
subcutaneous later
Much thicker than epidermis (thickness varies de-
pending on part of body)
Irregular, interconnected projections link with the
epidermis above
Connective tissue with its elastin and collagen
, NUR 155 Exam 3
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fibers, provides strength and elasticity
Provides necessary oxygen and blood
Contains sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, nail
follicles, nerves, and lymphatics
7. Rete Ridges or Papillary Dermis Provide the "stick" that anchors these layers of the
skin together, preventing them from sliding back
and forth
8. Subcutaneous Layer Layer of adipose tissue, or fat
Attaches to the dermis to the underlying muscles
and bone
Delivers the blood supply to the dermis
Provides insulation and cushioning
Size varies depending on the body location and
person's weight, sex, and age
9. Factors Affecting Skin Integrity Wounds
Vascular Disease
Diabetes
Malnutrition
Age
10. Medical Adhesive-Related Skin In- When superficial layers of skin are removed by
juries (MARSIs) medical adhesive
11. Wound Classification Skin Integrity
Wound Depth
Amount of Contamination
Healing Process
12. Skin Integrity Open wound
Closed wound
, NUR 155 Exam 3
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13. Open Wound An actual break in the skin's surface
Ex: Abrasion, puncture wound, and a surgical inci-
sion
Some chronic wounds can be from pressure or
vascular diseases
14. Closed Wound Seen with bruising, the skin is still intact
15. Phases of Wound Healing Inflammatory Phase
Proliferative Phase
Maturation Phase
16. Inflammatory Phase (Healing Phases) Healing begins with the body's initial response to
wounding of the skin and lasts about 3 days
Bleeding occurs
Formation of a clot to stop the bleeding (coagula-
tion cascade)
Cytokines released
Increase pain, redness, warmth, and swelling
Macrophages and neutrophils are drawn to the
site and start cleaning it of bacteria and debris
At the end, the wound bed is clean and ready to
begin the actual repair process
17. Proliferative Phase (Healing Phases) Repair of the defect, filling the wound bed with
new tissue (granulation tissue), and resurfacing
the wound with skin
Lasts several weeks, but can be short her with a
surgically closed wound or longer if is large or left
to health by secondary intention
Development of new blood fells to support new
, NUR 155 Exam 3
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tissue, collagen synthesis, wound contraction, and
epithelialziation
18. Maturation Phase (Healing Phases) Last phase
Known as the remodeling phase
Can last up to a year
Collagen continues to be deposited and remod-
eled, and scare tissue is formed and strengthens
19. Factors Affecting Wound Healing Oxygenation and tissue perfusion
Diabetes
Nutrition
Age
Infection
20. Oxygenation and Tissue Perfusion All cells in the body need oxygen to function prop-
(Healing Factors) erly.
Chronic tissue hypoxia that is associated with a
reduction in collagen formation, a decrease in the
action and proliferation of fibroblasts, a reduction
in leukocytes, and an impairment of the cell's ability
to migrate
Comorbid conditions (heart disease, peripher-
al vascular disease, and pulmonary disease can
cause longer healing process
21. Diabetes (Wound Factors) Changes the microvascular and macrovascular sys-
tems, leading to a thickening of the vessel wall and
occlusion of blood flow with decreased supply of
nutrients and oxygen
Reduction in collagen syntheses
Decrease in the strength of that collagen, impaired
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i9y0d7
1. Epidermis Outermost layer of the skin and the thinnest of the
laters
Despite lack of blood supply, it has the ability to
regenerate every 4-6 weeks
2. 5 Layers of Epidermis Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum/Basale
3. Stratum Corneum Made up of flattened dead cells
Can be seen being removed with bathing or rub-
bing
Important for providing protection from outside
dangers and regulation of fluids and electrolytes
4. Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulo- Middle three layers
sum, Stratum Spinosum Help in the reduction of friction and shear (skin
pulled in one direction while underlying tissue
moves in opposite direction)
5. Stratum Germinativum/ Basal Very active single layer of cells
Constantly produces new cells that are pushed up-
ward through the other layers
6. Dermis Layers between the epidermis and the deeper
subcutaneous later
Much thicker than epidermis (thickness varies de-
pending on part of body)
Irregular, interconnected projections link with the
epidermis above
Connective tissue with its elastin and collagen
, NUR 155 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i9y0d7
fibers, provides strength and elasticity
Provides necessary oxygen and blood
Contains sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, nail
follicles, nerves, and lymphatics
7. Rete Ridges or Papillary Dermis Provide the "stick" that anchors these layers of the
skin together, preventing them from sliding back
and forth
8. Subcutaneous Layer Layer of adipose tissue, or fat
Attaches to the dermis to the underlying muscles
and bone
Delivers the blood supply to the dermis
Provides insulation and cushioning
Size varies depending on the body location and
person's weight, sex, and age
9. Factors Affecting Skin Integrity Wounds
Vascular Disease
Diabetes
Malnutrition
Age
10. Medical Adhesive-Related Skin In- When superficial layers of skin are removed by
juries (MARSIs) medical adhesive
11. Wound Classification Skin Integrity
Wound Depth
Amount of Contamination
Healing Process
12. Skin Integrity Open wound
Closed wound
, NUR 155 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i9y0d7
13. Open Wound An actual break in the skin's surface
Ex: Abrasion, puncture wound, and a surgical inci-
sion
Some chronic wounds can be from pressure or
vascular diseases
14. Closed Wound Seen with bruising, the skin is still intact
15. Phases of Wound Healing Inflammatory Phase
Proliferative Phase
Maturation Phase
16. Inflammatory Phase (Healing Phases) Healing begins with the body's initial response to
wounding of the skin and lasts about 3 days
Bleeding occurs
Formation of a clot to stop the bleeding (coagula-
tion cascade)
Cytokines released
Increase pain, redness, warmth, and swelling
Macrophages and neutrophils are drawn to the
site and start cleaning it of bacteria and debris
At the end, the wound bed is clean and ready to
begin the actual repair process
17. Proliferative Phase (Healing Phases) Repair of the defect, filling the wound bed with
new tissue (granulation tissue), and resurfacing
the wound with skin
Lasts several weeks, but can be short her with a
surgically closed wound or longer if is large or left
to health by secondary intention
Development of new blood fells to support new
, NUR 155 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i9y0d7
tissue, collagen synthesis, wound contraction, and
epithelialziation
18. Maturation Phase (Healing Phases) Last phase
Known as the remodeling phase
Can last up to a year
Collagen continues to be deposited and remod-
eled, and scare tissue is formed and strengthens
19. Factors Affecting Wound Healing Oxygenation and tissue perfusion
Diabetes
Nutrition
Age
Infection
20. Oxygenation and Tissue Perfusion All cells in the body need oxygen to function prop-
(Healing Factors) erly.
Chronic tissue hypoxia that is associated with a
reduction in collagen formation, a decrease in the
action and proliferation of fibroblasts, a reduction
in leukocytes, and an impairment of the cell's ability
to migrate
Comorbid conditions (heart disease, peripher-
al vascular disease, and pulmonary disease can
cause longer healing process
21. Diabetes (Wound Factors) Changes the microvascular and macrovascular sys-
tems, leading to a thickening of the vessel wall and
occlusion of blood flow with decreased supply of
nutrients and oxygen
Reduction in collagen syntheses
Decrease in the strength of that collagen, impaired
