CHAPTER 14 ARCHITECTURE COURSE REVIEW // A+
GRADED PRESENTATION // DESIGN PRINCIPLES
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CULTURAL CONTEXT AND
ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS FOR STUDENT MASTERY //
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
arcade - THE CORRECT ANSWER -series of vaults
dome - THE CORRECT ANSWER -hemispherical vault built up from
circular or polygonal base
• weight pushes downward & outward along circumference
DOME
Hagia Sophia, Byzantine cathedral - THE CORRECT ANSWER -• built
6th century
• Islamic Minaret towers added later
• dome resting on triangular pendentives
- carry enormous weight down to squares of supporting walls
• appears to float due to row of windows encircling base
pointed arch and vault - THE CORRECT ANSWER -new technology in
Western world
• as seen in center aisle, cathedral of
• ie. Notre-Dame de Chartres
- steeper than round arch
- sends weight directly downward
• sideways thrust must be countered by supports
, POINTED ARCH AND VAULT
gothic builders - THE CORRECT ANSWER -• buttresses at right angles
to outer walls bear thrust
• flying buttresses in some structures
- carry weight outward
- place skeleton on outside to allow more height & light (Godly presence)
• highest part of interior above main altar
trusses - THE CORRECT ANSWER -triangular timber or log framework
used to span or support
balloon frame - THE CORRECT ANSWER -triangular framework of thin
studs held together w/ nails used to span or support
• reduced construction time & wood consumption
• aided rapid settlement
cast iron - THE CORRECT ANSWER -• 19th century uniform smelting
technology
• allowed for lighter exterior walls & flexible interior spaces
CAST IRON
Joseph Paxton's "The Crystal Palace" - THE CORRECT ANSWER -•
built for 1st international exposition
• covered 19 acres of park land
• freed from past styles of construction
• glass & cast iron not applied as ornamentation, but structure
• inspired by leaf structures
• flexible modular units
• showed defect of susceptibility to fire
GRADED PRESENTATION // DESIGN PRINCIPLES
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CULTURAL CONTEXT AND
ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS FOR STUDENT MASTERY //
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
arcade - THE CORRECT ANSWER -series of vaults
dome - THE CORRECT ANSWER -hemispherical vault built up from
circular or polygonal base
• weight pushes downward & outward along circumference
DOME
Hagia Sophia, Byzantine cathedral - THE CORRECT ANSWER -• built
6th century
• Islamic Minaret towers added later
• dome resting on triangular pendentives
- carry enormous weight down to squares of supporting walls
• appears to float due to row of windows encircling base
pointed arch and vault - THE CORRECT ANSWER -new technology in
Western world
• as seen in center aisle, cathedral of
• ie. Notre-Dame de Chartres
- steeper than round arch
- sends weight directly downward
• sideways thrust must be countered by supports
, POINTED ARCH AND VAULT
gothic builders - THE CORRECT ANSWER -• buttresses at right angles
to outer walls bear thrust
• flying buttresses in some structures
- carry weight outward
- place skeleton on outside to allow more height & light (Godly presence)
• highest part of interior above main altar
trusses - THE CORRECT ANSWER -triangular timber or log framework
used to span or support
balloon frame - THE CORRECT ANSWER -triangular framework of thin
studs held together w/ nails used to span or support
• reduced construction time & wood consumption
• aided rapid settlement
cast iron - THE CORRECT ANSWER -• 19th century uniform smelting
technology
• allowed for lighter exterior walls & flexible interior spaces
CAST IRON
Joseph Paxton's "The Crystal Palace" - THE CORRECT ANSWER -•
built for 1st international exposition
• covered 19 acres of park land
• freed from past styles of construction
• glass & cast iron not applied as ornamentation, but structure
• inspired by leaf structures
• flexible modular units
• showed defect of susceptibility to fire
