KLETC Test 7 Questions with Verified Solutions Graded A+
Vehicle Dynamics. - Answers Nothing more than a description of the physical forces acting on
the vehicle.
Losing Control - Answers Limits of the driver are exceeded.
Out of Control - Answers Limits of the vehicle are exceeded.
Factors that limit adhesion to the road surface. - Answers • Vertical force (weight on the tire),
• Tire design (radials keep more of the tire surface in contact with the roadway),
• Road surface and grade (dry or snow packed, level or on a hill),
• Turning force (radius of a turn),
• Speed (with more speed there is less adhesion to the surface).
Rolling friction - Answers The friction between two surfaces in contact with each other, with one
or both rotating.
Relationship of speed to stopping distance - Answers The higher the speed, the more distance
is needed to stop the vehicle.
2 methods to convert miles per hour to feet per second. - Answers Multiply mph by 1.47 = fps,
Take mph and divide in half, add to original mph, the sum equals approximate feet per second.
G Force - Answers A term used to measure the maximum amount of acceleration, deceleration
and lateral acceleration that a vehicle can handle.
3 forms of mechanical equilibrium. - Answers 1. Stable:
-A low center of gravity and a wide wheelbase,
2. Unstable:
-A very high center of gravity or a narrow wheelbase,
3. Neutral:
-A center of gravity and wheelbase in the median range which produces a stability that can be
either stable or unstable largely depending on the driver's skill.
Centripetal Force - Answers "Center seeking", Force which pushes rotating bodies toward the
center of rotation.
Centrifugal Force - Answers The force which tends to make a rotating body move away from the
,center of rotation.
Apex - Answers The point where your vehicle will come closest to the inside portion of the
roadway in a turn.
When does understeering occur? - Answers • Improper steering inputs,
• Excessive acceleration,
• Improper braking,
• Road conditions.
When does oversteering occur? - Answers • Road conditions,
• A sudden or rough steering input (jerking the steering wheel),
• Rough application of throttle.
Momentum - Answers Mass x Velocity,
An amount of motion.
It is the force a moving vehicle has or weight, multiplied by velocity.
Inertia - Answers The force which makes objects move in the same direction or in a straight line.
Reasons emergency vehicle operation training is necessary - Answers Reduction of Injury and
Death,
Reduction of Collisions,
Reduction of Liability,
Increase the Driving Task Attention Level,
Increase the Desire to Improve,
Improve Vehicle Control Skills,
Create Higher Maturity Levels,
Reduction of Risk Acceptance.
Elements of emergency vehicle operation. - Answers Attitude,
Judgement,
Awareness,
,Training,
Experience.
Circumstances when a driver of an authorized emergency vehicle may exercise the privileges
granted in K.S.A. 8-1506. - Answers on an emergency call, or
in pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, or
going to but not returning from a fire alarm
before an officer can operate as an authorized emergency vehicle.
Exemptions allowed by K.S.A. 8-1506. - Answers Park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of
this article (the traffic code);
Example: Park in the middle of an intersection, park left wheels to curb, etc.
Proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, but only after slowing down as may be
necessary for safe operation;
Example: Not stopping for a stop sign or going through a red light
Exceed the maximum speed limits so long as such driver does not endanger life or property;
Example: An officer attempting to catch up to a speeder, may exceed the speed limit or an
officer responding to an officer in trouble call, may exceed the speed limit, etc.
Disregard regulations governing direction of movement or turning in specified directions; and
Example: Going the wrong way down a one way street, making a U-turn where a no U-turn sign is
posted, or crossing a yellow line to pass a vehicle, etc.
Proceed through toll booths on roads or bridges without stopping for payment of tolls, but only
after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation and the picking up or returning of
toll cards.
When shall the exemptions granted apply to an authorized emergency vehicle? - Answers When
the officer is operating his/her vehicle with both the emergency lights (visual signal) and siren
(audible signal).
Colors of emergency lights permitted and what the visibility requirements are for authorized
emergency vehicles according to K.S.A. 8-1720. - Answers Red,
Seen within 500ft.
Siren sound requirements and when the siren is permitted to be used according to state law. -
Answers Must be heard within 500ft.
, Court holdings regarding emergency vehicle operation. - Answers Passing in a no passing zone,
Officer responsibility in pursuits and emergency responses,
Both lights and siren required to violate traffic laws,
Privileges only available when responding to emergency or in pursuit.
Negligence - Answers Failure to use the care a reasonable officer would use under like
circumstances.
Driving error factors that may lead to a negligence suit. - Answers Did the officer's vehicle have
proper emergency equipment installed and was the officer utilizing the proper emergency
equipment at the time of the incident?
Was the event an emergency response?
What was the speed of the vehicles? (officer's and suspect's)
What was the traffic density?
What was the pedestrian traffic?
What were the weather conditions?
What were the lighting conditions? (day, night, dusk, dawn, street lights etc.)
What were the road surface and the design of the road?
Were there numerous intersections or was it a limited access roadway?
What was the condition of the officer's vehicle and was the officer aware of the condition?
What training did the officer have and was the officer following their training?
Were there alternative means of apprehension?
Was there a danger to the public?
Was there a department policy and did the officer adhere to the policy?
3 elements of the driver's triangle. - Answers Driver,
Machine,
Environment.
Most critical element of the driver's triangle. - Answers The Driver
2 types of vision. - Answers Central,
Vehicle Dynamics. - Answers Nothing more than a description of the physical forces acting on
the vehicle.
Losing Control - Answers Limits of the driver are exceeded.
Out of Control - Answers Limits of the vehicle are exceeded.
Factors that limit adhesion to the road surface. - Answers • Vertical force (weight on the tire),
• Tire design (radials keep more of the tire surface in contact with the roadway),
• Road surface and grade (dry or snow packed, level or on a hill),
• Turning force (radius of a turn),
• Speed (with more speed there is less adhesion to the surface).
Rolling friction - Answers The friction between two surfaces in contact with each other, with one
or both rotating.
Relationship of speed to stopping distance - Answers The higher the speed, the more distance
is needed to stop the vehicle.
2 methods to convert miles per hour to feet per second. - Answers Multiply mph by 1.47 = fps,
Take mph and divide in half, add to original mph, the sum equals approximate feet per second.
G Force - Answers A term used to measure the maximum amount of acceleration, deceleration
and lateral acceleration that a vehicle can handle.
3 forms of mechanical equilibrium. - Answers 1. Stable:
-A low center of gravity and a wide wheelbase,
2. Unstable:
-A very high center of gravity or a narrow wheelbase,
3. Neutral:
-A center of gravity and wheelbase in the median range which produces a stability that can be
either stable or unstable largely depending on the driver's skill.
Centripetal Force - Answers "Center seeking", Force which pushes rotating bodies toward the
center of rotation.
Centrifugal Force - Answers The force which tends to make a rotating body move away from the
,center of rotation.
Apex - Answers The point where your vehicle will come closest to the inside portion of the
roadway in a turn.
When does understeering occur? - Answers • Improper steering inputs,
• Excessive acceleration,
• Improper braking,
• Road conditions.
When does oversteering occur? - Answers • Road conditions,
• A sudden or rough steering input (jerking the steering wheel),
• Rough application of throttle.
Momentum - Answers Mass x Velocity,
An amount of motion.
It is the force a moving vehicle has or weight, multiplied by velocity.
Inertia - Answers The force which makes objects move in the same direction or in a straight line.
Reasons emergency vehicle operation training is necessary - Answers Reduction of Injury and
Death,
Reduction of Collisions,
Reduction of Liability,
Increase the Driving Task Attention Level,
Increase the Desire to Improve,
Improve Vehicle Control Skills,
Create Higher Maturity Levels,
Reduction of Risk Acceptance.
Elements of emergency vehicle operation. - Answers Attitude,
Judgement,
Awareness,
,Training,
Experience.
Circumstances when a driver of an authorized emergency vehicle may exercise the privileges
granted in K.S.A. 8-1506. - Answers on an emergency call, or
in pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, or
going to but not returning from a fire alarm
before an officer can operate as an authorized emergency vehicle.
Exemptions allowed by K.S.A. 8-1506. - Answers Park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of
this article (the traffic code);
Example: Park in the middle of an intersection, park left wheels to curb, etc.
Proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, but only after slowing down as may be
necessary for safe operation;
Example: Not stopping for a stop sign or going through a red light
Exceed the maximum speed limits so long as such driver does not endanger life or property;
Example: An officer attempting to catch up to a speeder, may exceed the speed limit or an
officer responding to an officer in trouble call, may exceed the speed limit, etc.
Disregard regulations governing direction of movement or turning in specified directions; and
Example: Going the wrong way down a one way street, making a U-turn where a no U-turn sign is
posted, or crossing a yellow line to pass a vehicle, etc.
Proceed through toll booths on roads or bridges without stopping for payment of tolls, but only
after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation and the picking up or returning of
toll cards.
When shall the exemptions granted apply to an authorized emergency vehicle? - Answers When
the officer is operating his/her vehicle with both the emergency lights (visual signal) and siren
(audible signal).
Colors of emergency lights permitted and what the visibility requirements are for authorized
emergency vehicles according to K.S.A. 8-1720. - Answers Red,
Seen within 500ft.
Siren sound requirements and when the siren is permitted to be used according to state law. -
Answers Must be heard within 500ft.
, Court holdings regarding emergency vehicle operation. - Answers Passing in a no passing zone,
Officer responsibility in pursuits and emergency responses,
Both lights and siren required to violate traffic laws,
Privileges only available when responding to emergency or in pursuit.
Negligence - Answers Failure to use the care a reasonable officer would use under like
circumstances.
Driving error factors that may lead to a negligence suit. - Answers Did the officer's vehicle have
proper emergency equipment installed and was the officer utilizing the proper emergency
equipment at the time of the incident?
Was the event an emergency response?
What was the speed of the vehicles? (officer's and suspect's)
What was the traffic density?
What was the pedestrian traffic?
What were the weather conditions?
What were the lighting conditions? (day, night, dusk, dawn, street lights etc.)
What were the road surface and the design of the road?
Were there numerous intersections or was it a limited access roadway?
What was the condition of the officer's vehicle and was the officer aware of the condition?
What training did the officer have and was the officer following their training?
Were there alternative means of apprehension?
Was there a danger to the public?
Was there a department policy and did the officer adhere to the policy?
3 elements of the driver's triangle. - Answers Driver,
Machine,
Environment.
Most critical element of the driver's triangle. - Answers The Driver
2 types of vision. - Answers Central,
