PORTAGE MICROBIOLOGY MODULE 5 COURSE // A+ GRADED PRESENTATION // ADVANCED MICROBIAL STRUCTURE FUNCTION PATHOGENESIS IMMUNOLOGY AND LAB APPLICATIONS FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026

PORTAGE MICROBIOLOGY MODULE 5 COURSE // A+
GRADED PRESENTATION // ADVANCED MICROBIAL
STRUCTURE FUNCTION PATHOGENESIS IMMUNOLOGY
AND LAB APPLICATIONS FOR STUDENT MASTERY //
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026


Opthalmia neonatorum prevention - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Neomycin ointment applied to newborn's eyes


Staphylokinase - THE CORRECT ANSWER -lyses blood clots, releases
staph from wounds


Hyaluronidase - THE CORRECT ANSWER -lyses connective tissues


Lipase - THE CORRECT ANSWER -breaks down lipids


Staph virulence factors - THE CORRECT ANSWER -Coagulase,
catalase, pyrogenic, hyaluronidase, lipase


Mycolic acids - THE CORRECT ANSWER -chains of 60-90 carbon
atoms producing a waxy lipid


Virulence factors of mycolic acids - THE CORRECT ANSWER -- slow
growth (ab resistance)
- protection from lysis after phagocytosis
- intracellular growth
- protection from dessication
- resistance to gram stain, detergents, antibiotics

,TB prevalance - THE CORRECT ANSWER -Estimated 1/3 of population
is infected; 5% of infections develop disease; disease is fatal to 50%.
1,000,000 new cases per year; 4th leading cause of death by infection


Mycobacterium TB morphology - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bacillus
(rod)


Mycobacterium TB motility - THE CORRECT ANSWER -non-motile


Mycobacterium TB gram status - THE CORRECT ANSWER -gram-
positive (barely)


Mycobacterium TB catalase status - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
catalase positive (aerobic)


Mycobacterium TB DNA base pairs - THE CORRECT ANSWER -High
G+C
Observations for pathogen identification - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Morphological (size and shape) and motility


Differential testing for pathogen identification - THE CORRECT
ANSWER -- Gram status
- chemical reactions
- plating observations, selective or differential


5 Steps to infection - THE CORRECT ANSWER -1. Entry
2. Attachment
3. Invasion
4. Evasion

, 5. Exit and transmission


Pathogen methods of immune evasion - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Becoming intracellular and hiding through antigen masking, mimicry, or
variation


Direct methods of infection - THE CORRECT ANSWER -Person to
person, animal, environment, vertical


Indirect methods of infection - THE CORRECT ANSWER -Airborne,
mechanical (contaminated objects), vector biological, vector mechanical


Pathogenicity - THE CORRECT ANSWER -ability of a microbe to cause
disease


Virulence - THE CORRECT ANSWER -ease of a pathogen to infect host
and cause disease


Paraenteral entry - THE CORRECT ANSWER -Does not involve GI
tract, needles most common


AIIR facility - THE CORRECT ANSWER -airborne infection isolation
room; pressurized room to keep air from escaping


Strep gram status - THE CORRECT ANSWER -Gram-positive


Strep motility status - THE CORRECT ANSWER -non-motile


Strep morphology - THE CORRECT ANSWER -cocci in pairs or chains