PHYSIOLOGY 261 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED DETAILED
ACTUAL ANSWERS.GRADE A+
the study of the normal functioning of a living organism. - answer ✔✔-Physiology
Regulation of the body's internal environment & quickly restores changed condition to normal. - answer
✔✔-Homeostasis
Drug that has no pharmacological effect - answer ✔✔-Placebo
A positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons - answer ✔✔-Cations
negatively charged with more electrons than protons - answer ✔✔-Anion
atoms of one element that have different number of neurons in their nuclei - answer ✔✔-Isotopes
movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of higher
concentration -against concentration gradient. (requires cellular energy to achieve this movement) -
answer ✔✔-Active cellular transport
energy comes directly from ATP - answer ✔✔-primary (Direct) active transport
use potential energy stored in a concentration gradient and is indirectly driven by energy from ATP -
answer ✔✔-Secondary (Indirect) active transport
Brief period during which a second action potential cannot be triggered - answer ✔✔-Refractory period
, higher than normal graded potential is required to trigger an action potential - answer ✔✔-relative
refractory period
creates force & moves a load - answer ✔✔-Isotonic muscle contraction
creates force without moving a load - answer ✔✔-isometric muscle contraction
Specialized cell junctions within the cardiac muscle
myocardial cells linked to one another that contain gap junction that allow depolarization to spread
rapidly from cell to cell - answer ✔✔-Intercalated disc
Myocardial infarction
heart attack, damage to myocardial tissues caused by prolonged ichemial/hypoxia - answer ✔✔-MI
When ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change - answer ✔✔-Isovolumic ventricular
systole
Heart rate & stroke volume is the volume pumped per ventricle per unit time. (heart rate x stroke
volume= cardiac output). Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a given period of time - answer
✔✔-Cardiac output (CO)
Development of new blood vessels. process by which new blood vessels grow and develop especially
after birth - answer ✔✔-Angiogenesis:
Represents the driving pressure for blood flow (diastolic pressure + 1/3[systolic pressure - diastolic
pressure]) ex: BP pf 120/80 is 80 + 1/3 (120-80)= 80+ 1/3(40)= 80+13=93mmHg - answer ✔✔-Mean
Arterial Pressure (MAP)
A hormone secreted by the kidneys that regulates red blood cell production (primarily in kidneys) -
answer ✔✔-Erythropoietin
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED DETAILED
ACTUAL ANSWERS.GRADE A+
the study of the normal functioning of a living organism. - answer ✔✔-Physiology
Regulation of the body's internal environment & quickly restores changed condition to normal. - answer
✔✔-Homeostasis
Drug that has no pharmacological effect - answer ✔✔-Placebo
A positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons - answer ✔✔-Cations
negatively charged with more electrons than protons - answer ✔✔-Anion
atoms of one element that have different number of neurons in their nuclei - answer ✔✔-Isotopes
movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of higher
concentration -against concentration gradient. (requires cellular energy to achieve this movement) -
answer ✔✔-Active cellular transport
energy comes directly from ATP - answer ✔✔-primary (Direct) active transport
use potential energy stored in a concentration gradient and is indirectly driven by energy from ATP -
answer ✔✔-Secondary (Indirect) active transport
Brief period during which a second action potential cannot be triggered - answer ✔✔-Refractory period
, higher than normal graded potential is required to trigger an action potential - answer ✔✔-relative
refractory period
creates force & moves a load - answer ✔✔-Isotonic muscle contraction
creates force without moving a load - answer ✔✔-isometric muscle contraction
Specialized cell junctions within the cardiac muscle
myocardial cells linked to one another that contain gap junction that allow depolarization to spread
rapidly from cell to cell - answer ✔✔-Intercalated disc
Myocardial infarction
heart attack, damage to myocardial tissues caused by prolonged ichemial/hypoxia - answer ✔✔-MI
When ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change - answer ✔✔-Isovolumic ventricular
systole
Heart rate & stroke volume is the volume pumped per ventricle per unit time. (heart rate x stroke
volume= cardiac output). Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a given period of time - answer
✔✔-Cardiac output (CO)
Development of new blood vessels. process by which new blood vessels grow and develop especially
after birth - answer ✔✔-Angiogenesis:
Represents the driving pressure for blood flow (diastolic pressure + 1/3[systolic pressure - diastolic
pressure]) ex: BP pf 120/80 is 80 + 1/3 (120-80)= 80+ 1/3(40)= 80+13=93mmHg - answer ✔✔-Mean
Arterial Pressure (MAP)
A hormone secreted by the kidneys that regulates red blood cell production (primarily in kidneys) -
answer ✔✔-Erythropoietin
