CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Office of inspector General (OIG) - (answer) an arm of the department of Health and Human Services,
which investigates regulatory infractions, provides compliance advice, and brings enforcement actions
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - (answer) Regulates general business practices to protect consumers
against anti-competitive behavior and misleading claims
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - (answer) Regulates the distribution and use of narcotics and
other controlled substances
Antibodies - (answer) are proteins made by the body's immune system to bind and to neutralize
foreign invaders.
Monoclonal Antibodies - (answer) antibodies used against breast cancer and non-Hodkin's lymphoma,
are created in laboratories to target the immune system of patients to specifically kill cancer cells
Passive Diffusion - (answer) Diffusion is the random movement of molecules in fluid. Because of the
lipid bilayer construction of the membrane, non-polar (lipid soluble) molecules are able to diffuse and
penetrate the cell membrane. Polar molecules, however, cannot penetrate cell membrane readily via
passive diffusion and rely on other transport mechanisms.
Facilitated Diffusion - (answer) Polar drug molecules have been observed to cross cell membranes. The
transport mechanism is via carrier systems. Transmembrane carriers, such as proteins, are similar to
receptors and bind polar and non-polar drug molecules. They facilitate the diffusion of drugs across the
cell membrane. This diffusion is from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
Active Transport - (answer) the mechanism requires energy to drive the transportation of drugs against
the concentration gradients, from low to high. The transportation rate is dependent on the availability of
carriers and energy supply via a number of biological pathways.
Pinocytosis - (answer) involves the engulfing of fluids by a cell. The process commences with the
infolding of cell membrane around fluids containing the drug. The membrane then fuses and forms a
vesicle with fluid core. In this way, the drug is taken into the cell interior within the vesicle.
,CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
First Pass Metabolism - (answer) Drug absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract pass into the hepatic
portal vein, which drains into the liver. The liver metabolizes the drug, which leads to reduction in the
availability of the drug for interaction with receptors
Blood-brain barrier - (answer) Due to this, distribution of drugs to the brain tissue is restricted for
some types of drugs. The reason is that the brain has a sheath of connective tissue cells, the astrocytes,
surrounding it, forming a barrier to passive diffusion for polar drugs. In addition, the endothelial cells of
the brain capillaries are joined more tightly together, curtailing further the diffusion of polar drugs to the
brain. Lipid soluble drugs can diffuse into the brain more readily and bring forth their effects
Placental barrier - (answer) this consists of several layers of cells between the maternal and fetal
circulatory systems. Diffusion of polar drugs is limited: However, lipid-soluble drugs can pass through the
barrier. Fetuses are rich in lipids and may form a reservoir for sequestering lipid soluble drugs
Phase 1 - (answer) these biochemical metabolism reactions include oxidation, reduction and
hydrolysis, which transforms the drugs into metabolites. A family of enzymes called cytochrome P-450 is
responsible for these reactions.
Phase II - (answer) these biochemical metabolism reactions involve the addition or conjugation of
subgroups, such as -OH, -NH and -SH to the drug molecules. These reactions give rise to more polar
molecules, which are less lipid-soluble and are excreted from the body
Expression of Clearance of a Drug - (answer) CL = Rate of drug elimination/Drug concentration in the
blood
Single dose - (answer) This type of toxicity testing is conducted for several purposed, including the
determination of repeated doses, identification of organ is subjected to toxicity, and provision of data for
starting doses in human clinical trials. Various characteristic of the animals are monitored, including
weights, clinical signs, organ functions, biochemical parameters, and mortality. At the completion of the
study, animals are killed and autopsies are preformed to analyze the organs, especially the targeted
organ for the drug
Repeated Dose - (answer) In this type of toxicity study the aim is to evaluate the longer-term effects of
the drug in animals. Plasma drug concentrations are measured and pharmacokinetics analyses are
performed. Vital functions studied include cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems. Animals are
retained at the end of the study to check toxicity recovery
,CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Carcinogenicity - (answer) type of study that is carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a
drug.
Reproductive toxicology - (answer) The aim of these studies is to assess the effect of the potential drug
on mammalian reproduction
MRSD - (answer) maximum recommended starting dose
NOAEL - (answer) no observed adverse effect level
HED - (answer) human equivalent dose
Drug sample - (answer) is a unit of drug which is not intended to be sold and is intended to promote
the sale of the drug product
Sampling - (answer) may be the single most important factor in a pharmaceutical rep's success
Section 503 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act - (answer) this prohibits the sale, purchase,
offer to sell, purchase, or trade prescription drug samples and drug coupons.
3 Methods of E-Sampling - (answer) 1. physicians can order samples online, and samples are delivered
by mail to each physician's practice
2. Physicians can go online, print out sample vouchers or coupons, and then give them to patients along
with a prescription for the product indicated on the voucher or coupon. The patient then presents both
the prescription and the voucher or coupon to the pharmacy to receive a smple or a discount on the
prescription, respectively
3. Patients can go online and print their own sample voucher or coupon, ask their physician for a
prescription for the product indicated on the voucher or coupon, and fill it at the pharmacy. This option
is not available in most countries, where direct-to consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals is often
prohibited by law.
, CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
tips for incorporating e-sampling - (answer) - Educate your physician customers on e-sampling
- Continue to unpack and put away samples
- Work with Retail pharmacists
- Helping to 'make do'
Genotoxicity - (answer) These studies are to determine if the drug compound can induce mutations to
genes
4 basic transport mechanisms - (answer) o Passive Diffusion
o Facilitated Diffusion
o Active transport
o Pinocytosis
Factors the distribution pattern depends on - (answer) distribution pattern depends on a number of
factors:
o Vascular nature of the tissue
o Binding of the drug to protein molecules in blood plasma
o Diffusion of the drug
Routes of Excretion - (answer) o Kidneys
o Lungs
o Intestine and colon
o skin
Pharmaceuticals - (answer) Medicines and vaccines for human and animal use; products may have a
trademark (brand) name or be generic, and they may be prescription or over-the counter
Diagnostic - (answer) Equipment and supplies used in screening, detecting, and monitoring disease,
can range from simple home testing kits to sophisticated diagnostic imaging technologies
Office of inspector General (OIG) - (answer) an arm of the department of Health and Human Services,
which investigates regulatory infractions, provides compliance advice, and brings enforcement actions
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - (answer) Regulates general business practices to protect consumers
against anti-competitive behavior and misleading claims
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - (answer) Regulates the distribution and use of narcotics and
other controlled substances
Antibodies - (answer) are proteins made by the body's immune system to bind and to neutralize
foreign invaders.
Monoclonal Antibodies - (answer) antibodies used against breast cancer and non-Hodkin's lymphoma,
are created in laboratories to target the immune system of patients to specifically kill cancer cells
Passive Diffusion - (answer) Diffusion is the random movement of molecules in fluid. Because of the
lipid bilayer construction of the membrane, non-polar (lipid soluble) molecules are able to diffuse and
penetrate the cell membrane. Polar molecules, however, cannot penetrate cell membrane readily via
passive diffusion and rely on other transport mechanisms.
Facilitated Diffusion - (answer) Polar drug molecules have been observed to cross cell membranes. The
transport mechanism is via carrier systems. Transmembrane carriers, such as proteins, are similar to
receptors and bind polar and non-polar drug molecules. They facilitate the diffusion of drugs across the
cell membrane. This diffusion is from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
Active Transport - (answer) the mechanism requires energy to drive the transportation of drugs against
the concentration gradients, from low to high. The transportation rate is dependent on the availability of
carriers and energy supply via a number of biological pathways.
Pinocytosis - (answer) involves the engulfing of fluids by a cell. The process commences with the
infolding of cell membrane around fluids containing the drug. The membrane then fuses and forms a
vesicle with fluid core. In this way, the drug is taken into the cell interior within the vesicle.
,CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
First Pass Metabolism - (answer) Drug absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract pass into the hepatic
portal vein, which drains into the liver. The liver metabolizes the drug, which leads to reduction in the
availability of the drug for interaction with receptors
Blood-brain barrier - (answer) Due to this, distribution of drugs to the brain tissue is restricted for
some types of drugs. The reason is that the brain has a sheath of connective tissue cells, the astrocytes,
surrounding it, forming a barrier to passive diffusion for polar drugs. In addition, the endothelial cells of
the brain capillaries are joined more tightly together, curtailing further the diffusion of polar drugs to the
brain. Lipid soluble drugs can diffuse into the brain more readily and bring forth their effects
Placental barrier - (answer) this consists of several layers of cells between the maternal and fetal
circulatory systems. Diffusion of polar drugs is limited: However, lipid-soluble drugs can pass through the
barrier. Fetuses are rich in lipids and may form a reservoir for sequestering lipid soluble drugs
Phase 1 - (answer) these biochemical metabolism reactions include oxidation, reduction and
hydrolysis, which transforms the drugs into metabolites. A family of enzymes called cytochrome P-450 is
responsible for these reactions.
Phase II - (answer) these biochemical metabolism reactions involve the addition or conjugation of
subgroups, such as -OH, -NH and -SH to the drug molecules. These reactions give rise to more polar
molecules, which are less lipid-soluble and are excreted from the body
Expression of Clearance of a Drug - (answer) CL = Rate of drug elimination/Drug concentration in the
blood
Single dose - (answer) This type of toxicity testing is conducted for several purposed, including the
determination of repeated doses, identification of organ is subjected to toxicity, and provision of data for
starting doses in human clinical trials. Various characteristic of the animals are monitored, including
weights, clinical signs, organ functions, biochemical parameters, and mortality. At the completion of the
study, animals are killed and autopsies are preformed to analyze the organs, especially the targeted
organ for the drug
Repeated Dose - (answer) In this type of toxicity study the aim is to evaluate the longer-term effects of
the drug in animals. Plasma drug concentrations are measured and pharmacokinetics analyses are
performed. Vital functions studied include cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems. Animals are
retained at the end of the study to check toxicity recovery
,CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Carcinogenicity - (answer) type of study that is carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a
drug.
Reproductive toxicology - (answer) The aim of these studies is to assess the effect of the potential drug
on mammalian reproduction
MRSD - (answer) maximum recommended starting dose
NOAEL - (answer) no observed adverse effect level
HED - (answer) human equivalent dose
Drug sample - (answer) is a unit of drug which is not intended to be sold and is intended to promote
the sale of the drug product
Sampling - (answer) may be the single most important factor in a pharmaceutical rep's success
Section 503 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act - (answer) this prohibits the sale, purchase,
offer to sell, purchase, or trade prescription drug samples and drug coupons.
3 Methods of E-Sampling - (answer) 1. physicians can order samples online, and samples are delivered
by mail to each physician's practice
2. Physicians can go online, print out sample vouchers or coupons, and then give them to patients along
with a prescription for the product indicated on the voucher or coupon. The patient then presents both
the prescription and the voucher or coupon to the pharmacy to receive a smple or a discount on the
prescription, respectively
3. Patients can go online and print their own sample voucher or coupon, ask their physician for a
prescription for the product indicated on the voucher or coupon, and fill it at the pharmacy. This option
is not available in most countries, where direct-to consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals is often
prohibited by law.
, CNPR EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
tips for incorporating e-sampling - (answer) - Educate your physician customers on e-sampling
- Continue to unpack and put away samples
- Work with Retail pharmacists
- Helping to 'make do'
Genotoxicity - (answer) These studies are to determine if the drug compound can induce mutations to
genes
4 basic transport mechanisms - (answer) o Passive Diffusion
o Facilitated Diffusion
o Active transport
o Pinocytosis
Factors the distribution pattern depends on - (answer) distribution pattern depends on a number of
factors:
o Vascular nature of the tissue
o Binding of the drug to protein molecules in blood plasma
o Diffusion of the drug
Routes of Excretion - (answer) o Kidneys
o Lungs
o Intestine and colon
o skin
Pharmaceuticals - (answer) Medicines and vaccines for human and animal use; products may have a
trademark (brand) name or be generic, and they may be prescription or over-the counter
Diagnostic - (answer) Equipment and supplies used in screening, detecting, and monitoring disease,
can range from simple home testing kits to sophisticated diagnostic imaging technologies
